Economic Notes Chapter 3

Types of Business Organization Single Proprietorship – Business owned by one person, easiest to organize, most common type of business Ex. Hair salons, auto shop, restaurants, etc Partnership – 2 or more owners, least common type of business Ex. Doctor, dentist, law offices Corporation – Business owned by stock holders, most protected type of business, most difficult to organize Ex. GM, Apple, Exxon, Disney, etc.

Business Terms: Liability – financial responsibility Unlimited Liability – total financial responsibility up to and including private property and accounts Limited Liability – financial responsibility is limited to your investment Limited Life – business is limited to the life of the owner

Unlimited Life – business continues as long as it is making a profit Stock – share of ownership in a corporation Rent – payment for the use of someone’s property Interest – payment for the use of someone’s money Prime Rate – the best interest rate, reserved for the best customers

Bond – an I.O.U. , a promise to pay back the amount of the bond at a specific time with a specific rate of interest Dividends – a share of the corporations profit paid to stockholders Capital Gain – investment earnings, the amount of money you made in an investment Ex. Purchase a house for $100,000 and sell it for $140,000 and you have $40,000 in capital gains

Charter – a government document that gives permission to create a corporation Principal – the amount borrowed Gross Income – total income earned Net Income – earnings after taxes and expenses Depreciation – the loss in value an item experiences over time

Merger – combining two or more businesses to form a single firm Horizontal merger – combines firms from the same industry Ex. The NFL and AFL The NHL and the WHA Vertical Merger – combines firms that perform different steps in the production process Ex. Farm industry, canning factory, trucking company, warehouse and retail store all join together

The NFL merged with the AFL

The NHL merged with the WHA

THIS ALL WORKED TO MAKE CARNEGIE STEEL AN INDUSTRIAL JUGGERNAUT!!! Vertical Mergers Owned Carnegie Steel Owned Carnegie Rail Owned Carnegie Mineral Co. THIS ALL WORKED TO MAKE CARNEGIE STEEL AN INDUSTRIAL JUGGERNAUT!!! Owned Carnegie Steamship Co.

Conglomerate – a firm that has at least four businesses, each making unrelated products Ex. R.J. Reynolds owns a shipping company, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Del Monte and a Winery Diversification – business interests in many different areas Multinational – a corporation that has manufacturing or service operations in a number of different countries Ex. General Motors, Union Carbide, Nabisco, Mitsubishi, Sony, etc.

Advantages to Single Proprietorships * Easy to organize * Flexible * You are the Boss

Disadvantage to a Single Proprietorship * Unlimited Liability * Limited Life * You have all of the responsibility

Advantages to a Partnership * Share the work * Share the Cost * Specialization

Disadvantages to a partnership Unlimited liability Limited life Disagreements Less flexibility

Advantages to a Corporation Limited liability Unlimited life Specialization Ability to sell stock

Disadvantages to a Corporation *Corporate taxes Less flexibility More difficult to organize