Australias Road Lighting Standards – into the energy efficiency age by Alec Fisher Chair Standards Committee Lighting for roads and public spaces

Into the energy efficiency age WHAT ROAD LIGHTING ? There are about 2 million luminaires in service in Australia 30% are on main roads - Cat V and 70% on local roads - Cat P Cat V - 250/400W lamps, Cat P - 40/80W lamps energy ~ equal Projected increase 1.5-2% per annum - 45% over past 14 years Costs - ~$10 a resident, ~$1m LG budget, 1-2% LG outlays

Into the energy efficiency age HOW IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY BEING MANDATED? Originally part of the AGO Greenlight program To be implemented by compliance requirements in Standards - AS/NZS 1158 Lighting for roads and public spaces Traffic route lighting Category V - MEPs in W/m for HPS and MV for Cat V1 to V5 - Maximum ballast loss -Encourage service providers to replace low efficacy HPM (~30% of total) Pedestrian lighting Category P - Encourage good practice - Trials of energy efficient luminaires

Into the energy efficiency age RECENT AMENDMENT OF CATEGORY V LAMP REQUIREMENTS Normally lamps used in Category V lighting schemes shall be HPS lamps Where either the client or the lighting designer has documented that the colour rendering characteristics or colour appearance characteristics of HPS lamps are inadequate for the application, in which case MH lamps shall be used. Applications where MH is deemed to be necessary include the following: - Cat V lighting in town and city centres. - Cat V lighting in or close to retail, commercial or entertainment precincts. The use of HPM lamps in Category V lighting schemes is not permitted. Ballast losses not greater than in Luminaires

Into the energy efficiency age Energy efficiency in Cat P Cat P - large potential gains with newest CF and T5 lamps plus electronic ballasts Energy usage by lamp type (including control gear) Lamp CFL 42W T5 2x14W HPM 80W TF 2x20W Energy 47W 30W 89W 50W

But are they reliable? Equivalent 1 st year failure rates from trial of 1175 T5 (20 months) and 250 CFL luminaires (17 months) Luminaire Lamp failures % ECG failures % 2x14W T5 trial W CFL trial W HPM historical 3.2 NA Results indicate no technical bar to use Into the energy efficiency age

What about lighting performance? Indicative spacings for the different luminaires – H = 7.5m Road reserve = 20m Luminaire Category P3 Category P4 Category P5 2 x 14W T5 26.1m 65.7m 81.9m 42W CFL 36.7m 70.6m 84.1m 2 x 24W T5 41.8m 74.5m 89.1m 80W HPM 43.7m 71.5m 87.2m 2 x 20W T m 48.9m

Into the energy efficiency age RECENT AMENDMENT OF CAT P Luminaire Type 4 The intensity at any angle of azimuth shall be not more than (i) 720 cd in total or 180 cd/1000 lamp lumens, whichever is the greater, at a vertical angle of 80° (ii) 300 cd in total or 80 cd/1000 lamp lumens, whichever is the greater, at a vertical angle of 90°. The changes are necessary because the original criteria inadvertently technically disadvantaged luminaires with energy efficient lamps, i.e. T5 and CFL. The change to absolute cd units is based on the in-service 80 W HPM. The new luminaires have cd values much below that value. The original criteria are retained for the higher wattage luminaires. T5 and CFL to be included in Luminaires Ballast losses set by regulation

Into the energy efficiency age NSW - with the encouraging results of the trials, Energy Australia has offered its customers the choice of the luminaires using CFL and T5 lamps. Over the next six years a program to replace obsolescent 2x20W TF luminaires will be implemented What is happening in other States? Queensland - 3year trial of 300 luminaires, fully instrumented, continuously monitored Victoria - 300k 80w HPM luminaires; recent cost determination by regulator; Councils can proceed at own pace; 32W CFL favoured Tasmania – T5 favoured South Australia? Western Australia? Overall we have not proceeded far into the energy efficiency age in public lighting

Into the energy efficiency age ARE THERE OTHER POTENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES? Zero upward light – cut-off lighting requires more points - UWL Cat V 1% and Cat P 5% Lower light level – 1158 light level low (Cat V) to very low (Cat P) compared to CE and EU Dimming or switching out for reduced traffic/late hours – Cat V is good accident counter measure LED lighting – still developing and untried in field Solar power – isolated rural sites only Cat V lamp ballasts In Australia efficient lamps give best viable option

IN PERSPECTIVE AUS ROAD LIGHTING IS IN GOOD SHAPE COMPARED TO THAT IN SOME COUNTRIES!