Warm up #10 Which country is the only Communist country in Latin America? Where is this country’s location from the U.S. What is this country’s biggest export?

The Cuban Revolution and Guerrilla Movement in Mexico SS6H3: The student will analyze important 20th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution Explain the impact and political outcomes of the Zapatista guerilla movement in Mexico.

Cuba’s Independence Cuba gained independence from Spain on December 10, 1898. The change from colony to republic was not a smooth one. Wealth generated by sugar production dictated Cuban politics.

An Independent Cuba The United States played an important role in Cuba after it gained independence. Many of the plantations and sugar mills were bought by Americans. In addition, Americans purchased many hotels and casinos. This attracted tourists from around the globe.

Bad Blood Batista In the late 1950s, Fulgencio Batista was ruler of Cuba. He had been elected president at one time, but he later made himself dictator. That meant that he ruled without any controls on his power. Fulgencio Batista Picture from: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDbatista.htm

Bad Blood Batista Many people in Cuba were unhappy with his rule. Education and health care were not good Many Cubans lived in poverty “GUESS WHO ENTERS THE SCENE!” Fidel Castro Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4392634.stm

FIDEL CASTRO AND THE REBELS Because Batista was so unpopular, many followed Fidel Castro Revolutionaries lead by Fidel Castro began to rise up against the Batista and his government. By 1959, Castro and his men drove Batista out of Havana and took over the government.

Fidel Castro

Castro Released from Prison

Cuban Revolution In 1959 after Castro seized power, he made himself dictator of Cuba. The US originally supported Castro because he promised to make Cuba a democracy…

Castro’s Promises Castro promised to: end American influence over Cuban businesses re-distribute the wealth evenly to all Cubans make every Cuban literate he wanted to give all Cubans healthcare

Cuba Under Fidel Castro Castro began right away to organize a communist government. He declared that all the property belonging to Americans now belonged to the government. All farms, factories, and businesses owned by Cubans also became government property. Fidel Castro with soldiers Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4392634.stm

Cuba Under Fidel Castro Castro had people who still supported Batista arrested or executed by firing squad. Cubans no longer had the right to protest against the government. Cuban newspapers, radio, and television were shut down. The government became the only source for news. Churches were closed, and all church property was taken by the government.

UNITED STATES VS Cuba Castro’s government and the U.S. government did not get along well. The US did not like having a communist country so close to Florida and Americans who owned land and businesses in Cuba did not like the loss of their property. The United States placed an embargo on Cuban goods including sugar cane. The United States decided to keep the pressure on Cuba . It did not allow travel by Americans to or from Cuba. It also tried to keep other countries from trading with the Cubans. vs.

Fidel Castro and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev UNITED STATES VS Cuba . The Soviet Union became friends with Cuba. They also supplied weapons and other goods to the Cubans and bought their sugar cane. The Soviets helped to educate young Cubans and trained their military. The U.S and Cuba Break Up! Fidel Castro and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev

Castro’s Impact on Cuba’s Economy Due to the harsh events, US placed an embargo on goods from Cuba in 1962: Cuba’s sugar cane crop could no longer be sold in the US, which hurt Cuba’s economy. It’s still in place today. As a result of the embargo, poor harvests, and bad government planning, Cuba’s economy has become very poor.

Warm-Up #11 - POSTCARD HOME Pretend you were in Cuba and witnessed the entire Cuban Revolution. Write a postcard home describing what Cuba was like before, during, and after the revolution. Remember, your post card has to have a picture YOUR PICTURE GOES HERE!

Cuba: Bay of Pigs Apr 17, 1961 – Apr 19, 1961 The purpose was to overthrow Castro. The plan was to arm Cuban exiles living in Florida. Once the exiles arrived in Cuba, unhappy Cubans would join them at the Bay of Pigs and overthrow Castro. The invasion was a disaster because Castro’s forces intercepted the plan and captured the invaders. No rebellion against Castro occurred, but this sparked a deep hatred for the US.

Captured During Invasion

Captured During the Invasion…

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/1960s-america/v/bay-of-pigs-invasion

Cuban Missile Crisis October 16, 1962 – October 28, 1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis, almost started a nuclear war. In 1962, Cuba gave the Soviet Union permission to build a missile launching complex. Missiles launched from the site could reach U.S. cities. U.S. President John F Kennedy demanded the missiles be removed. A tense time followed. The Soviets agreed to remove the missiles, and the United States said it would not invade Cuba. Almost started a nuclear war! U.S. President John F. Kennedy Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4392634.stm

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/1960s-america/v/cuban-missile-crisis

Cuba/U.S. Relations Relations between the United States and Cuba have not improved much in the past fifty years. There is still an embargo on goods from Cuba. Americans, however, can send money to their families in Cuba. In the early 1980s and again in the 1995, there were periods in which large numbers of Cubans escaped their island for America. Cuban boat people Picture from: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june00/us_cuba.html

Cuba/U.S. Relations Today The United States had been accepting Cubans who escaped (defectors) However, thousands were being “allowed” to escape. This caused a strain on relations between the two countries. In 1994, the United States agreed to allow 20,000 Cubans a year to enter the United States. Chart of Cuban emigration From: http://www.havana-guide.com/cuban-immigration.html

U.S./Cuban Relations Today… In April 13, 2009, President Barack Obama eased the travel ban, allowing Cuban-Americans to travel freely to Cuba On January 14, 2011, he further eased the ban, by allowing students and religious missionaries to travel to Cuba if they meet certain restrictions. Today, Travelers must now declare themselves as making a trip that falls under one of 12 categories of travel. This means that tourists may no longer travel to Cuba in the "people to people" category, and those that do make it to Cuba are no longer allowed to support businesses that help fund the Cuban military.

12 Official Categories Activities of private foundations or research for educational institutes Religious activities Public performance, clinics, workshops, athletic or other competitions and exhibitions Authorization to provide travel services, carrier services and remittance forwarding services Exportation of certain Internet- based services Visiting family Humanitarian projects or to provide support to the Cuban people Official business of the U.S. government, foreign governments and certain intergovernmental organizations Journalistic activities Professional research Educational activities by persons at academic institutions

Castro Today After a decline in health, Fidel Castro gave up the Cuban presidency – Fidel died in 2016 The most recent leader was Raúl Castro, who held the title of First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba. As of 2018 Miguel Díaz-Canel is now the president of Cuba.

Raul & Fidel Castro

Miguel Diaz-Canal 1st Non-Castro leader since 1950s

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/18/world/americas/raul-castro-resigns-cuba-president.html

Guerrillas in Mexico The people of the southern state of Chiapas are among Mexico’s poorest. The land of Chiapas, however, is among Mexico’s richest. More than half of Mexico’s hydroelectric power comes from Chiapas. Natural gas and oil are found there, and much coffee is grown. Yet, the resources go north to fuel other Mexican states. Map of Mexican state of Chiapas From: http://www.travelchiapas.com/map/map-2.php

The Indigenous People Those hardest hit by poverty in Chiapas are the people of Mayan descent. Many of them do not speak Spanish. Most of them are small-scale farmers. They have less access to education and healthcare than most other Mexicans. When Mexico’s leaders run for election or make public policies, they tend to ignore the needs and voices of the indigenous. Indigenous people of Chiapas Picture from: http://www.travelchiapas.com/about/about-20.php

The Indigenous people Much of the best land for farming and ranching is controlled by a few wealthy landowners. They often act with the Mexican government in ways to benefit themselves. The population of Chiapas has been growing.

Zapatistas The Zapatistas are a group of Mexicans who support improved rights and living conditions for Mexico’s indigenous people. The group is named after Emiliano Zapata, who lived in the early twentieth century and fought for the rights of native people. In the late twentieth century; the Zapatistas were known for harassment and sabotage against the government. Masked Zapatista guerillas Picture from: http://travel.webshots.com/album/323138991qudIeL

NAFTA On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect. This was an agreement to allow free trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Some people in Mexico did not like this plan. They thought that NAFTA would allow cheap farm goods to come into Mexico from the United States. The farmers in Mexico would not be able to compete with the cheaper food. Picture from: http://www.fas.usda.gov/itp/policy/nafta/nafta.asp

NAFTA On the day NAFTA took effect, a group of Mexicans called the Zapatistas took over several towns in their part of Mexico. The army was sent in to remove the Zapatistas. Fighting lasted for several weeks. A cease-fire finally ended the fighting. The Zapatistas did not go away. Zapatistas Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/photo_gallery/3137553.stm

Zapatistas Today Agreements between the Zapatistas and the government have not solved the problems the people have with the government. The Zapatistas have control of some small parts of southern Mexico. The Zapatistas argue that the indigenous people of Mexico need more help to improve health care, housing, education, and jobs. Zapatistas in traditional Chiapas clothing Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/photo_gallery/3137553.stm

Summary What impact has the Cuban Revolution had on Cuba and the United States? What is the Zapatista guerrilla movement in Mexico and what impact have they had? What is NAFTA? Research pathfinder: http://www.liberty.k12.ga.us/mms/mediaindex.html