7.2 Earth’s Layers.

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Presentation transcript:

7.2 Earth’s Layers

Warm-up How do scientists know what is happening inside the earth?

Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.

CRUST: Is the outermost layer on the earth. Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 25 miles and less than 5 miles under the ocean. It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) It is made up of silicon and oxygen.

Lithosphere: Asthenosphere: Made up of the earth’s crust and very top part of mantle The solid layer Lithos = rock Asthenosphere: Layer right below the lithosphere in the upper mantle Not a liquid or a solid but like a thick paste (we call it plastic)

GRANITE BASALT

MANTLE: Located below the crust. It is the largest layer Magma made up of more magnesium and iron. Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure. Remember less dense near the crust more dense near the core. Convection currents in the mantle move the crust

CORE: Located below the Mantle. It is divided into 2 layers Outer Core Inner Core

Outer Core: is liquid and is made up of mostly iron (easily magnetized) The movement of materials in the liquid Outer core is the cause of Earth’s magnetic field

Inner Core: Is the center of the Earth It’s solid iron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) The increased pressure causes the inner core to be solid Around the same temp as the surface of the sun – heat comes from unstable (radioactive) isotopes Heat from this drives the convection currents in the mantle

Lithosphere Asthenosphere CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

In Review: What are the 3 main layers of the Earth? Crust, Mantle, Core Which layer is the least dense? Crust Which core layer is solid iron and nickel? Inner core What is the name given to the “crunchy” layer of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle? Lithosphere 5. The motion in this layer is the reason Earth has a magnetic field. Outer core