Zagreb, 2010 Brain Circulation: From Brain Drain to Brain Gain Dr. Isser Peer/ Dr. Magdalena Wislocka 1

Zagreb, 2010 MOREBRAIN CONSORTIUM 2 Iceland Ireland Spain Israel Israel_Bar Ilan University (BIU) Iceland _ The Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) Ireland_Irish Universities Association (IUA) Spain_FUNDECYT Israel_Bar Ilan University (BIU) Iceland _ The Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) Ireland_Irish Universities Association (IUA) Spain_FUNDECYT

Zagreb, 2010 Mobility of Researchers Why is it important? Exchange of scientific knowledge and ideas. Creating a network of connections among scientists and academics throughout the world. Promoting Brain Circulation - an almost equal exchange of people AND knowledge between nations. 3 The EURAXESS Network and its Service Centres support and promote mobility of researchers.

Zagreb, 2010 Developing a uniform questionnaire for distribution to researchers throughout Europe: -why researchers pursue a research career outside Europe & remain there -why researchers choose to return to their home country in Europe Proposing new concepts of e-reintegration and co-sharing positions to counteract the brain drain phenomenon in Europe. Concept and Objective of the MOREBRAIN The Brain Drain in Europe is a worrying issue and of primary importance on a national and pan European scale

Zagreb, 2010 MOREBRAIN Survey The online survey- opened in February 2010 and will close in November ,560 responses to date

Zagreb, 2010 Brain Drain - The Situation Today The flow is almost entirely one-way toward the U.S. Young EU scientists travel to the U.S., for Ph.D. studies and for post-doctorate appointments. Highly experienced researchers emigrate to the US and stay there Scientists from the U.S., post-docs or others, rarely migrate to the EU. This situation has led to an EU 'Brain Drain' – loss of European scientists in favor of the U.S. 6 Destinations of the DeutscheForschungsgemeinsch aft (DFG) Postdoctoral Fellows in 2007 (in %)

Zagreb, 2010 Highly-cited Physicists: Gain and Drain by World Region 7 Source : Ali et al. (2007) Elite scientists and the global brain drain. Paper presented at the WorldUniversities Conference, Shanghai, China

Zagreb, 2010 Quantity Versus Quality The European Brain Drain, while relatively small in quantity, appears to be significant in terms of quality. Research in this field indicates an unbalanced talent flow between the EU and the U.S. WHY?

Zagreb, 2010 Factors Leading to Brain Drain 9 Push Factors Pull Factors

Zagreb, 2010 Results to date (based on 2,560 responses) 10 Age of respondents by mobility status

Zagreb, 2010 Career stage of researchers 11

Zagreb, Field of Research

Zagreb, 2010 Country of origin by mobility status of respondents 13

Zagreb, 2010 Currently mobile researchers: country of current destination 14

Zagreb, 2010 Mobile Researchers 15 Preferred destination countryCountry where PhD was received

Zagreb, 2010 Pull Factors 16

Zagreb, 2010 Push Factors 17

Zagreb, 2010 Reasons Against Mobility 18

Zagreb, 2010 Mobile researchers: Need of e-reintegration (different e-tools were proposed and researchers preferences analysed) 19

Zagreb, 2010 In your opinion, would the electronic means increase creative scientific collaboration? 20

Zagreb, 2010 Co-sharing positions 21 As a mobile researcher, to which extent would you be interested in spending partial time in your home country while working abroad most of the time? In your opinion would sharing your working time between institution in your home country and visiting country institution increase creative scientific collaboration?

Zagreb, 2010 Conclusions Young PhD and post-docs researchers (under 40), in science are the most mobile; Mobile researchers prefer the U.S as their destination country Strongest push factors: Lack of employment prospects and researcher funding opportunities; Strongest pulls: career development, working at prestigious host institution as well as good career opportunities abroad; 22

Zagreb, 2010 Conclusions The following push factors: lack of funding/employment opportunities, low incomes, bureaucracy, weakness of home country research have much stronger impact on mobility decision of currently/future mobile researchers, compared to those who returned home; An open access to peer reviewed publications is a leading e- tool in maintaining scientific bounds with home countries; All respondents expressed interest in co- sharing their working time between visiting country institution and their home research organisation/this would increase research collaboration; 23

Zagreb, 2010 THANK YOU! 24 Dr Isser Peer BIU, Israel Dr Magdalena Wislocka IUA, Ireland The questionnaire and the demonstration video are to be found under the following link: Contact Details