E.J. Hollox, J.A.L. Armour, J.C.K. Barber 

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Extensive Normal Copy Number Variation of a β-Defensin Antimicrobial-Gene Cluster  E.J. Hollox, J.A.L. Armour, J.C.K. Barber  The American Journal of Human Genetics  Volume 73, Issue 3, Pages 591-600 (September 2003) DOI: 10.1086/378157 Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 MAPH probe locations on 8p23.1. Positions of the MAPH probes (A–N) used to screen 8p23.1 for copy number variation are shown by arrows, together with the ORRs named “REPP” and “REPD” by Giglio et al. (2001). The area identified as involved in the copy number variation is shown in detail and is represented twice in this genome assembly (November 2002 assembly; for details, see the University of California–Santa Cruz [UCSC] Genome Bioinformatics Web site). The probe marked with an asterisk (*) showed increased dosage in 8p23.1 EVs but maps to ORR sequences and was not included in the main MAPH probe set. RefSeq = reference sequence. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2003 73, 591-600DOI: (10.1086/378157) Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 MAPH analysis of normal control individual and 8p23.1 EV carrier. A MAPH chromatogram shows the analysis of an EV carrier (bottom), with 12 copies of the 8p23.1 repeat unit, and a control DNA sample (top), with 3 copies of the 8p23.1 repeat unit. The X-axis represents probe length (in bp), and the Y-axis represents relative fluorescence units. Each peak represents a different amplifiable probe separated by length. The three probes (F–H) measuring β-defensin–cluster copy number are indicated, together with a probe (E) mapping to DEFA1. Other peaks represent other probes, most of which (47 of the remaining 57) map to single-copy subtelomeric regions and have a copy number of two per diploid genome. The areas of the polymorphic probe peaks (F–H) in the control sample (three copies) are similar to, but slightly larger than, the subtelomeric probe peaks (two copies). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2003 73, 591-600DOI: (10.1086/378157) Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 SQ-FISH of 8p23.1 EV (left) and normal (right) homologs in individual II:1 of family 3, using 8p23.1 BAC 51D11 (red) and D8Z2 centromere probe (green). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2003 73, 591-600DOI: (10.1086/378157) Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 MAPH analysis of 8p23.1 copy number in three families. Pedigrees of families 1–3 are annotated with MAPH-determined copy number (see also table 2). Half-blackened symbols indicate EV carriers. N = chromosomally normal; nt = not tested. The American Journal of Human Genetics 2003 73, 591-600DOI: (10.1086/378157) Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 DEFB4 transcript levels versus β-defensin–cluster DNA copy number for a series of seven lymphoblastoid cell lines. DEFB4 transcript was measured in triplicate by using duplex RT-PCR with TBP as a control transcript. Mean ratio (transformed to log10) ± SEM of DEFB4:TBP intensity ratios is shown on the Y-axis, and MAPH copy number is shown (mean of five tests ± SEM) on the X-axis. There is a significant correlation between DEFB4 transcript levels and β-defensin–cluster copy number (r2=0.5; P<.05). A similar pattern of variation in DEFB4 expression level was also obtained, using G3PD as a control transcript (data not shown). The American Journal of Human Genetics 2003 73, 591-600DOI: (10.1086/378157) Copyright © 2003 The American Society of Human Genetics Terms and Conditions