July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Performance Evaluation of Multiple STAs’ Authentication and Association Process Date: 2011-07-18 Authors:

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July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Performance Evaluation of Multiple STAs’ Authentication and Association Process Date: 2011-07-18 Authors: Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Abstract For use case 1a Smart Grid – Meter to Pole [1],the requirement is to support up to 6000 STAs in one AP. In this contribution, we present some simulation results of large numbers of STAs’ authentication and association performance. The objective of our research is to discover if there is potential possibility of supporting large number of STAs join the network at the same time based on the current 802.11 architecture. Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

Simulation topology July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Simulation topology In order to simplify the simulation ,we assume the communication area is 1000*1000 and AP is located at the center of this area. The non-AP STAs are distributed randomly in AP’s coverage. The figure below shows the location of 1 AP and 1000 STAs. Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

Simulation Process July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Simulation Process A non-AP STA waits for a ChannelTime which is longer than a Beacon Interval to ensure the reception of Beacon. After receiving a Beacon from a AP , the STA constructs Authentication Request frame and performs Backoff procedure for transmission. Once the medium is not determined to be busy ,the STA proceeds to transmit. A Timeout is defined for the STA to sent Authentication Request frame and wait for the corresponding response frame. If no response frame is received until the Timeout goes out, the STA retransmits the Authentication Request frame. The AP also performs backoff before transmitting Authentication Response frame and set a ACKTimer to wait for ACK frame. STA performs Association following nearly the same procedure as Authentication . Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

Simulation parameters(1/2) July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Simulation parameters(1/2) Beacon Interval 100ms Channel Bandwidth 20MHz Data rate 1Mbps The number of STAs per AP(min,max) (100,6000) Association Request Length 28Byte Association Response Length 30Byte Authenticate Request Length 34Byte Authenticate Response Length SIFS 16µs Slot Time 9µs CWmin 15 CWmax 1023 Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

Simulation parameters(2/2) July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Simulation parameters(2/2) ChannelTime* 0.12s Timeout** 0.15s *ChannelTime: Since Beacon interval is set to 100ms , we assume a ChannelTime of 120ms for a STA to wait before the reception of Beacon. **Timeout: Defined as the time for a STA to wait from transmitting a frame till the time receiving the response frame. Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

Authentication and association time (s) July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Simulation Results Num of STAs Authentication and association time (s) 100 1.53094 500 4.6366 900 11.2495 1000 12.345 1500 82.9897 2000 152.024 2500 238.603 3000 323.556 Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 Conclusion We evaluated authentication and association efficiency per the number of STAs, assuming all the STAs started accessing to the network at the same time. -The authentication and association time increases rapidly along with the growing number of STAs. -Network access delay approximately reaches 5 minutes when three thousands of STAs join at the same time. Considering the use case smart grid, further study is needed on authentication and association optimization to support up to 6000 STAs join at the same time within a reasonable time delay range for TGah. Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 July,2011 References [1] 11-11-0457-00-00ah-potential-compromise-of-802-11ah-use-case-document [2] IEEE Draft P802.11-REVmb™/D9.0, May 2011 [3] 11-11-0725-01-00ah-large-number-of-stas-support Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation

Thank you! July,2011 July,2011 doc.: IEEE 802.11-11/0985r0 Kaiying Lv,ZTE Corporation B. A. Hirantha Sithira Abeysekera, NTT