Applied linguistics in language teaching 1 Predmetni nastavnik: doc. dr Valentina Boskovic Markovic e-mail: vboskovic@sinergija.edu.ba Office hours: Wednesdays, 9.30-10.00, 11.30-12.00

Applied Linguistics for Language Teaching- Syllabus 1. Course introduction (units, tasks, expectations, assessments, exam). Basic terms and literature overview, Branches of applied linguistics 2. Pragmatics 3. Sociolinguistics 4. Discourse analysis 5. Internet Applied Linguistics 6. Assessment 1 7. EFL and ESL,ESP 8. Testing in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 9. Common European Framework of Reference for Language, Placement tests, Exams for children (Starters, Movers, Flyers) 10. Examples of ESP tests (Medicine/Law/Business English) 11. The comparison, analysis and discussion on international tests 12. Assessment 2 13. Examples of International English tests (IELTS, TOEFL, CPE, SAT) 14. The comparison, analysis and discussion 15. Final exam preparation

Course introduction (units, tasks, expectations, assessments, exam) The Handbook of Applied Linguistics Hand-outs 2 tests (6th and 12th week) 30 points each and final exam (30 points: oral) Tests: written tests about the theory of applied linguistics Expectations: communication, reading tasks, tests

Branches of linguistics?

Semantics Pragmatics Phonology Syntax morphology

Basic terms Language Learning: A Journal of Applied Linguistics (1948)- the beginning of AL 50s- Continued the exploration Meant to reflect the insights of structural and functional linguists 60s- More advancement: the application of linguistics to language teaching More practical language issues such as language assessment, language policy, SLA, learning strategies.

Basic terms According to Grabe (2002), it was based on Leonard Bloomfield’s guide for the practical study of Foreign Languages (1942) 70s- More advancement: language assessment, SLA, literacy, multilingualism, language minority rights, language planning and policy, and teacher training

Basic terms 80s- AL became more than language teaching and language learning Language assessment, language policy and planning, language use in professional settings, translation, lexicography, multilingualism, language and technology, corpus linguistics. AL became multidisciplinary: psychology, education, anthropology, sociology, political science, policy studies, public administration, language studies…etc.

Basic terms • It was founded first at the University of Edinburgh School of Applied Linguistics in 1956 Center of Applied Linguistics in Washington D.C. in 1957 AAAL: American Association for Applied Linguistics

Basic terms The British Association of Applied Linguistics (BAAL) was formally established in 1967, with the following aims: “the advancement of education by fostering and promoting, by any lawful charitable means, the study of language use, language acquisition and language teaching and the fostering of interdisciplinary collaboration in this study” (BAAL, 1994). • It was largely taken for granted in the 1960s and 1970s that applied linguistics was about language teaching.

Definitions of AL AILA, 1964 (International Association of Applied Linguistics, 8 000 members, 30 countries) – http://www.aila.info/en/ : AL is an interdisciplinary field of research and practice dealing with practical problems of language and communication that can be identified, analysed or solved by applying available theories, methods and results of Linguistics or by developing new theoretical and methodological frameworks in Linguistics to work on these problems. Applied Linguistics differs from Linguistics in general mainly with respect to its explicit orientation towards practical, everyday problems related to language and communication. The problems Applied Linguistics deals with range from aspects of the linguistic and communicative competence of the individual such as first or second language acquisition, literacy, language disorders, etc. to language and communication related problems in and between societies such as e.g. language variation and linguistic discrimination, multilingualism, language conflict, language policy and language planning.

Definitions of AL ‘Furthermore, it may well be the applied linguist who will most advance humankind’s understanding of language, provided that he or she is aware that no one has a monopoly on the definitions and conduct of science, theory, language research and truth’ (Van Lier, 1997)

Definitions of AL ‘Applied linguists must draw on knowledge bases of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and written discourse because they are relevant to an applied linguistics issue, even if a given area of applied linguistics may not draw specifically on this knowledge at all times (e.g., L2 teacher training, language policy and planning).’ (Grabe, 2010)

Definitions of AL Widdowson (1998, 2000, 2004, 2005) has argued consistently that applied linguistics is not an interdisciplinary discipline as much as a mediating field or domain between the theoretical plane of linguistics and language knowledge and its applications to problems that arise in a number of real-world settings.

Definitions of AL Applied Linguistics uses language-related research in a wide variety of fields (e.g. language acquisition, language teaching, literacy, gender studies, language policy, speech therapy, discourse analysis, censorship, workplace communication, media studies, translation, lexicography, forensic linguistics).

Definitions of AL “AL is the utilisation of the knowledge about the nature of language achieved by linguistic research for the improvement of the efficiency of some practical task in which language is a central component.” (Corder, 1974, p. 24) Applied linguistics is concerned with the role of language in peoples’ lives and problems associated with language use in peoples’ lives.

Definitions of AL AL solves problems related to: language learning, language teaching, literacy, language contact (language & culture), language policy and planning, language assessment, language use, language and technology, translation and interpretation

Definitions of AL How can we teach languages better? • How can we diagnose speech pathologies better? • How can we improve the training of translators? • How can we develop valid language examinations?

Definitions of AL It uses theories/principles from language related disciplines in order to understand language related issues and to solve language related problems. The choice of which disciplines are involved in applied linguistics matters depends on the circumstances.  It generally incorporates or includes several identifiable subfields: language testing, language policy and planning, second language acquisition, and translation and interpretation.

Literature Overview The Handbook of Applied Linguistics AILA Review, Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, International Journal of Applied Linguistics Scientific articles (practice)

Revision Questions What is the relation between linguistics and applied linguistics? How do they differ? What is applied linguistics? What are the main areas of concern of applied linguistics? How would you define AL in your own words?