Chapter 3 Politics, Law, and Business Ethics នយោបាយ ច្បាប់ និង​ ក្រមសីលធម៌អាជីវកម្ម Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall

Political Ideologies មនោគមវិជ្ជា នយោបាយ ផ្តាច់ការនិយម ពហុនិយម អនាធិបតេយ្យ Both private and public groups need to balance each other’s power​​ ទាំងឯកជន និងរដ្ឋត្រូវការ ធ្វើឱ្យមានតុល្យភាពអំណាច របស់ខ្លួនទៅវិញទៅមក Every aspect of people’s lives must be​ ​​controlled to preserve order គ្រប់ទិដ្ឋភាពនៃ ជីវិតរបស់មនុស្សត្រូវបានគ្រប់គ្រងដើម្បីរក្សា សណ្តាប់ធ្នាប់ Only individuals and private groups can preserve personal liberties មានតែបុគ្គលនិង​ក្រុមឯកជនដែលអាច​អភិរក្សសេរីភាពផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន Totalitarianism Anarchism Pluralism Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Totalitarianism (ផ្ដាច់ការ) Leaders govern without people’s support (មេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋាភិបាល គ្មានការគាំទ្រ របស់ប្រជាជន) Government controls much of people’s lives (រដ្ឋាភិបាលការគ្រប់គ្រងជាច្រើនជីវិតរបស់មនុស្ស) Leaders do not tolerate opposing viewpoints (មេដឹកនាំ មិនអត់ធ្មត់ ប្រឆាំងជំទាស់ ទស្សនៈ) Imposed Authority ដាក់អាជ្ញាធរមាន សមត្ថកិច្ច Lack of constitutional Guarantees​ ខ្វះខាតការធានា រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ Restricted Participation បំរាមក្នុងការចូលរួម Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Forms of Totalitarianism ទំរង់នៃរបបផ្តាច់ការនិយម Theocratic totalitarianism ការបម្រើរបបផ្តាច់ការនិយម (totalitarian religious leadership ភាពដឹកនាំតាមបែបសាសនានិយម) Secular totalitarianism​ (មិនមានសាសនា) (military and bureaucratic leadership ភាពជាអ្នកដឹកនាំ យោធានិង ការិយាធិបតេយ្យ) Tribal totalitarianism (កុលសម្ព័ន្ធនិយម) Communist totalitarianism (កុំមុយនីសនិយម) Right-wing totalitarianism (ស្តំានិយម) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Democracy ប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ Government leaders are elected by the wide participation of the people or their representatives (ក្រុមមេដឹកនាំរដ្ឋាភិបាល ត្រូវបានជ្រើសរើស ដោយការចូលរួមធំទូលាយ របស់ប្រជាជន ឬតំណាងរបស់ខ្លួន) Freedom of expression (សេរីភាព​នៃ​ការ​បញ្ចេញ​មតិ) Periodic elections (កំណត់ការបោះឆ្នោត) Full civil and property rights (សិទ្ធិស៊ីវិលពេញលេញនិង ទ្រព្យសម្បត្ដិ) Minority rights (សិទ្ធិរបស់ជនជាតិភាគតិច) Nonpolitical bureaucracies (មិនមែនជានយោបាយ ការិយាធិបតេយ្យ) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Types of Political Risk ប្រភេទហនីភ័យរបស់នយោបាយ Conflict and violence ជម្លោះនិងអំពីហឹង្សា Terrorism and kidnapping ភវៈកម្មនិងការចាប់ជំរិត Property seizure ការរឹបអូសយកទ្រព្យសម្បត្ដិ Policy changes​ ការផ្លាស់ប្តូរគោលនយោបាយ Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

International Business 5e Conflict and Violence Arises from មានការកើនឡើង: Reduces ability to​ មានការធ្លាក់ចុះ: Obtain materials and equipment (ទទួលបាន សមា្ភរៈ និងឧបករណ៍) Manufacture and distribute products (ផលិតនិង ចែកចាយផលិតផល) Protect employees’ lives and firm’s assets (ការពារជីវិត បុគ្គលិកនិងទ្រព្យសកម្ម របស់ក្រុមហ៊ុន) People’s resentment toward government (ការមិនសប្បាយចិត្តរបស់ប្រជាជនចំពោះរដ្ឋាភិបាល) Territorial disputes between nations (ជម្លោះដែនដី រវាងប្រទេសជិតខាង) Ethnic, racial, or religious disputes (ជនជាតិភាគតិច ពូជសាសន៍ ឬ ជម្លោះ ខាងសាសនា) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Terrorism and Kidnapping Security checklist for managers on business abroad: Fly nonstop when possible and avoid unsecured areas of airports During your stay, vary your routines and means of transportation Keep a low profile and refrain (បញ្ឍប់) from loud, flashy behavior (អាកប្បកិរិយាឆើតឆាយ) Give friendly but cautious answers to personal questions Know local emergency procedures before trouble strikes Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

International Business 5e Property Seizure 1 Confiscation (ការរឹបអូស) Forced transfer of assets from a company to the government without compensation 2 Expropriation (អស្សាមិករណ៍) Forced transfer of assets from a company to the government with compensation 3 Nationalization (ជាតិតូបនីយកម្ម) Forced asset transfer to the government of an entire industry Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Managing Political Risk Localization (មូលដ្ឋានីយកម្ម) Development assistance (បង្កើតជំនួយការ) Partnerships (ភាពជាដៃគូ) Insurance (ការធានារ៉ាប់រង) Adaptation (ការទទួលយក) Incorporate risk into business strategies Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Global Legal Issues I បញ្ហាច្បាប់ ជាសកល Intellectual property​ (កម្មសិទ្ធិបញ្ញា) Result of intellectual talent and abilities (លទ្ធផលនៃការ ដែលមានទេពកោសល្យ និងសមត្ថភាព បញ្ញា) Piracy/counterfeits a serious problem (ការលួចចម្លង / ក្លែងក្លាយ ជាបញ្ហាធ្ងន់ធ្ងរ) Patent (ប៉ាតង់) Excludes all but the inventor (ការបង្កើត) from making, using, or selling the invention (WTO = 20 years) Trademark (យីហោ) Words or symbols that distinguish a product and its manufacturer ("Coca-Cola") Copyright (ការរក្សាសិទ្ធិ) Freedom of creator to publish or dispose of original works as they choose Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

International Business 5e Global Legal Issues II Standardization (គំរូភាវូបនីយកម្ម) Interpreting and applying laws uniformly Product safety and liability (សុវត្ថិភាពផលិតផល និងការទទួលខុសត្រូវ) Responsibility for damage, injury, or death Taxation (ពន្ធ) Income, sales, consumption and VAT Antitrust (antimonopoly) laws​ (ច្បាប់ប្រឆាំង) Prevent market sharing, price fixing, and unfair advantage Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Ethics​ and Social Responsibility ក្រមសីលធម៌និងការទទួលខុសត្រូវ Personal behavior in accordance with rules or standards for right conduct or morality (ឥរិយាបទ ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួននៅក្នុងការអនុលោមតាមច្បាប់ឬបទដ្ឋានសម្រាប់ការប្រព្រឹត្ដត្រឹមត្រូវឬ សីលធម៌) Friedman View Cultural Relativism Righteous Moralism Utilitarianism Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

Corporate Social Responsibility Go beyond legal obligations to balance commitments to investors, customers, communities, and other companies Fight to eliminate bribery and corruption Improve labor conditions and guard human rights Practice fair trade to help the disadvantaged Protect the environment and conserve resources Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e

International Relations Favorable international political relations foster: Stable business environments Improved business communications Efficient distribution systems Prompt and equitable dispute resolution Expanded opportunities Diminished risk levels Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Business 5e