E. Marty Knott, Jie Sun, BS, Yu Lei, Myoung-Gwi Ryou, MS, Albert H

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Pyruvate Mitigates Oxidative Stress During Reperfusion of Cardioplegia-Arrested Myocardium E. Marty Knott, Jie Sun, BS, Yu Lei, Myoung-Gwi Ryou, MS, Albert H. Olivencia-Yurvati, DO, Robert T. Mallet, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 81, Issue 3, Pages 928-934 (March 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.046 Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Antioxidant state and oxidative stress. Glutathione redox state (GSH/GSSG, solid bars) and 8-isoprostane (hatched bars) content were measured in left ventricular myocardium sampled at 45 minutes’ arrest (n = 8), at 3 minutes’ reperfusion with (n = 6) and without (n = 7) pyruvate infusion, and at 105 minutes after sternotomy in nonarrested sham hearts (n = 6). Values are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus sham; †p < 0.05 versus reperfusion. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 928-934DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.046) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Myocardial water content. Tissue water content was determined from masses of fresh and dessicated tissue. Values are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus all other groups. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 928-934DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.046) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Myocardial pyruvate and its metabolic derivatives. Pyruvate (solid bars), lactate (hatched bars), and citrate (open bars) were measured in left ventricular myocardium. Values are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus sham; †p < 0.05 versus reperfusion. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 928-934DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.046) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Myocardial enzymes. Activities (U/mg protein) of (A) creatine kinase (CK), (B) phosphofructokinase (PFK), (C) aconitase, (D) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), (E) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and (F) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in left ventricular myocardial extracts. Values are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus sham; †p < 0.05 versus reperfusion. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 928-934DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.046) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Myocardial phosphorylation potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP, hatched bars) content. Phosphocreatine phosphorylation potential ([PCr]/([Cr][Pi]), solid bars) was computed from intracellular concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), creatine (Cr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) measured in left ventricular myocardium. The ATP content was measured in the same samples. Values are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05 versus sham; †p < 0.05 versus reperfusion. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2006 81, 928-934DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.08.046) Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions