Congressional Membership Chapter 5, Section 1

“At the foundation of our civil liberties lies the principle that denies to government officials an exceptional position before the law and which subjects them to the same rules of conduct that are commands to the citizen.” ~ Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis

Name Date Oct 22, 2013 Congressional Membership Define 3 Key Terms (Pg. 123 or 130) 1) 2) 3)

The Capitol Building in D.C.

I. Congress Congress is bicameral: The House of Representatives (435) and the Senate(100) A. Each term of Congress has two sessions B. Sessions last until Congress votes to adjourn C. The President may call for a special session if congress is adjourned

A Joint Session of The U.S. Congress for the State of the Union

II. Membership in the House of Representatives (435) A. Members must be: 1. 25+ years old 2. U.S. citizens 7+ years 3. Residents of the state they represent B. House members serve 2-year terms

II. Membership in the House of Representatives (435) C. The number of state representatives is apportioned according to the census every 10 years (2000, 2010, 2020, etc.) D. Congressional districts are determined by state legislatures E. One representative from each district represents approx. 650,000 people

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi First female Speaker of the House A Democrat from California (SF) The closest in line to the Presidency after Vice President.

Representation and Reapportionment & Congressional Redistricting After the 10 year Census is taken (2000, 2010, 2020, etc.) the number of Representatives may be reapportioned to account for changes in population State legislatures then sets the new districts Some states abuse this power in two ways 1. Districts with very unequal population 2. Gerrymandering (ruling political parties redraw boundaries to gain electoral advantages)

Question Page 125 (Government at a Glance): With a partner: What is the general trend in Congressional reapportionment because of population shifts? .(Answer in your notes)

Answer page 125 (Gov’t at a glance) States with growing populations like CA, for example, are apportioned more members in the House of Representatives than less populated states

III. Membership in the Senate (100) A. Members must be: 1. 30+ years old 2. U.S. citizens 9+ years 3. Residents of the state they represent B. Senate members serve 6-year terms C. Each state elects 2 senators

Vice President = Senate President VP Joe Biden Presides over the Senate Cannot partake in Senate debates Votes only in a tie

Question Page 129 (Government at Glance): As a Class: Which house of Congress do you think is more diverse? Why?

Answer (Gov’t at a Glance) pg 129 The House of Representatives is more diverse because there is a larger number of Reps and more come from diverse states like CA & NY.

IV. Congressional Benefits A. Financial benefits: 1. Set their members’ salaries 2. Allowances for office, staff and business trips 3. Tax breaks for two residences (D.C. & home state) 4. Sizable retirement pensions B. Immunity from arrest in: 1. Non-felony or non-treason cases 2. Libel cases during session C. Both houses can censure or even expel members

In Class/Homework Questions: Page 130 #1 #3 #4 #5