ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Event anisotropy in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC ShinIchi Esumi Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Tsukuba elliptic flow and nuclear suppression factor identified hadron v2 f v2/RAA(quark coalescence or hydro) electron v2/RAA(charm quark) inclusive g, p0 v2 (direct g v2/RAA) e (eccentricity) scaling jet correlation and v2 JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba x z Non-central Collisions initial collision geometry pressure/density gradient, radial/elliptic expansion final momentum anisotropy y x reaction plane angle : n 2nd harmonic amplitude : v2 Σ wi*sin(ni) tan(nn) = Σ wi*cos(ni) |fi-n| JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba y x b yield (A+A) RAA , RCP relative yield in A+A collisions normalized by p+p yield times number of binary collisions R AA = <Ncoll> yield (p+p) yieldCentral / <Ncoll>Central R CP = yieldPeripheral / <Ncoll>Periheral Npart : number of participant participant scaling Ncoll : number of binary collision binary scaling x z 2x1=2 3x2=6 3x3=9 1x2=2 impact parameter : b 12 + 11 total 30 collisions total 23 participant nucleons spectators JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba spectator directed R.P. Reaction plane detectors MVD SMD/ZDC BBC participant elliptic R.P. JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba FBBC1-p vs FBBC2 FSMD1-p vs FSMD2 FSMD-p vs FBBC back-to-back back-to-back spectator neutrons vs ps from participants are flowing opposite. directed plane beam line reaction plane neutron spectator charged particles (pions) at mid h beam [-p,p] F2BBC1 vs F2BBC2 F2MVD1 vs F2MVD2 F2BBC vs F2MVD elliptic plane [-p/2,p/2] JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Identified hadron v2 hydro dynamic behavior at low pT baryon/meson difference at high pT QM05 PHENIX QM05 STAR JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba f-meson v2 mass scaling or number of quark scaling? baryon/meson (number of quark) difference hydro dynamic behavior : mf-meson ~ mproton early hadronic freeze-out for multi-strangeness hadrons _ Ξ+Ξ Ω+Ω  _ QM05 PHENIX QM05 STAR need more data/beam JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Nuclear modification factor : RCP clear separation between baryon group / meson group including f,W,X as well as p,K,p JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Number of quark scaling of v2 rather good description above 1GeV/c in quark pT remaining mass dependence at lower pT region v2 is already formed during quark phase before hadronization additional hadronic flow might be there after hadronization QM05 PHENIX QM05 STAR JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Non-photonic electron (charm origin) RAA compared with p0 RAA Non-photonic electron is less suppressed compared with p0, but it is still a significant suppression RAA~ 0.3 at higher pT region 4~5GeV/c non-photonic electron v2 is similar with other hadrons at low pT but smaller at higher pT region 4~5GeV/c photonic electron v2 originated from p0 is above p0 v2 at low pT and similar to p0 v2 at high pT and subtracted already. (1) q_hat = 0 GeV2/fm (4) dNg / dy = 1000 (2) q_hat = 4 GeV2/fm (3) q_hat = 14 GeV2/fm JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba non-photonic electron : charm (+beauty) RAA and v2 very significant suppression at higher pT some difference between experiments at higher pT almost same as p0 suppression above 5GeV/c which needs to be solved. D-meson flows (+ve v2), should determine charm v2 B. Zhang et al. nucl-th/0502056 b contribution less suppression less interaction b contribution less flow less thermalized I’m very much looking forward to hearing following electron v2 talks!! JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Direct photons are not suppressed RAA is about 1.0 high pT, g/p0 ratio > 1 at high pT Direct photon contribution is significant at high pT and at central collisions compared to the inclusive photon yield from the known hadronic sources. JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba inclusive g and p0 v2 v2 of direct photon gives complimentary information in understanding the origin of binary scaled direct photon production. Bresmsrahlung, because of larger energy loss v2 < 0 fragmentation in vacuum, from escaped parton v2 > 0 nucl-ex/0508019 JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba try to extract direct g v2 v2direct g = R v2inclusive g – v2b.g. R – 1 R = v2inclusive g v2b.g if v2direct g = 0 v2b.g. : expected g v2 from hadronic decays nucl-ex/0508019 JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba inclusive g and p0 v2 QM05 : Phenix preliminary run4 v2 0-10 % 10-20 % p0 inclusive g 20-30 % 30-40 % 40-50 % 50-60 % 0 5 pT (GeV/c) 10 JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Low pT direct g can be extracted in a different way for both pT distribution and v2. better accuracy at low pT might be expected. JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba dNch/dh scales with Npart for both Au+Au / Cu+Cu JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba RAA scales with Npart for both Au+Au / Cu+Cu JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

v2 does NOT scale with Npart for obvious reason ----- Geometry ----- <v2> (|h|<2) true R.P. participant R.P. RQMDv2.4 with true R.P. black : Au+Au red : Cu+Cu if use all participants to define its axis and its deformation, maximum auto-correlation in e definition? JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Participant eccentricity includes initial statistical fluctuation of e and its axis, while experimental v2 and reaction plane (from participants with the 2nd moment axis) includes all fluctuations until final particle productions. JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Lesson from PHOBOS should also be considered when comparing between experiments especially for light system. The difference between 2nd and 4th order cumulant results differ especially for Cu+Cu. QM05 PHENIX QM05 STAR 238U + 238U Si + Au Npart. scaling Ncoll. scaling eecc. scaling Au+Au Cu+Cu Si(Cu)+Au v2 RAA jet/HBT(R.P.) JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 1st moment R.P. (SMD/ZDC, BBC, FTPC) e of participant with axis from spectator : yet another e needed? Cu+Cu w.r.t. SMD/ZDC (spectator directed) R.P. needed, it can be different with participant elliptic R.P. ZDC/SMD　 spectator v1 Au +Au 200 GeV QM05 PHOBOS spectator directed R.P. STAR preliminary QM05 STAR participant elliptic R.P. JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba We should not forget that hadronic cascade can generate apparent number of quark scaling without quark coalescence, although the magnitude of v2 is about a half of experimental data. ISMD 2005 UrQMD origin of this apparent scaling needs to be understood JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba High pT away-side jet suppression softening of associated pT distribution modification of jet shape at mid-pT QM05 : Phenix preliminary JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba re-appearance (escaped) of high pT back-to-back jet pT pT(assoc) > 2 GeV/c pT Au+Au, 0-5% STAR Preliminary JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

re-appearance (escaped) of high pT back-to-back jet centrality PHENIX Preliminary STAR Preliminary 8 < pT(trig) < 15 GeV/c pT(assoc)>6 GeV system/centrality JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba PHENIX preliminary jet shape w.r.t. R.P. source of v2 at high pT v4 effects need to be considered jet v2 = b.g.(thermal) v2 extract jet shape or jet v2 in-plane pair in between pair out-of-plane pair jet yield (a.u.) pTtrigger(h) > 3GeV/c 1< pTassociated(h) <2GeV/c PHENIX preliminary 0 　　　　　　 p Df (rad) JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba RAA v2 proton pion electron photon pT 1 0.1 |Df| p jet shape Summary identified particles, f, e+-, g v2 * partonic flow ? * heavy quark v2 ? * direct photon production ? Npart. , Ncoll. , eecc.scaling * test with asymmetric collisions ? jet correlation and v2 * jet shape w.r.t. R.P. or jet v2 ? JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba JPS/DNP 2005 Sep. Maui ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba