5.1 Weathering Define Mechanical weathering

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Presentation transcript:

5.1 Weathering Define Mechanical weathering Explain chemical weathering Identify the factors that affect the rate of weathering

Mechanical weathering : physical forces break rock into smaller & smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition.

3 physical process that cause mechanical weathering: 1. frost wedging 2. unloading/exfoliation 3. biological activity.

1. Frost wedging: mechanical breakup of rock caused by expansion of freezing water in cracks & crevices

2. Unloading/exfoliation Reduced pressure on igneous rock causes it to expand & allows slabs of outer rock to break off in layers in a process called exfoliation.

3. Biological activity The activity of organisms, including plants, burrowing animals, and humans, can also cause mechanical weathering.

Chemical weathering: transformation of rock into one or more new compounds. Examples: Acid Rain and Rust

Spheroidal Weathering: Corners breakdown first in chemical weathering

Rate of Weathering  2 factors affecting the rate of weathering are rock characteristics and climate. 1. Rock characteristics Mineral composition and solubility Physical features such as joints and cracks influence the ability of water to penetrate the rock 2. Climate • Temperature and moisture are the most crucial factors • Chemical weathering is most effective in areas with high temperatures and abundant moisture. (slow in deserts/arid & polar regions)