Keratinocyte-Specific Deletion of the Receptor RAGE Modulates the Kinetics of Skin Inflammation In Vivo Julia S. Leibold, Astrid Riehl, Jan Hettinger,

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Keratinocyte-Specific Deletion of the Receptor RAGE Modulates the Kinetics of Skin Inflammation In Vivo Julia S. Leibold, Astrid Riehl, Jan Hettinger, Michael Durben, Jochen Hess, Peter Angel Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 133, Issue 10, Pages 2400-2406 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.185 Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Generation of RageΔker mice and confirmation of keratinocyte-specific receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) deletion. (a) Breeding scheme for the generation of RageΔker mice. (b) Genomic DNA was prepared from the tail epidermis of Rageflx/flx and RageΔker mice. Equal amounts of DNA were used for PCR analysis with Rage-specific primers and, as a control for DNA quality and quantity, with Junb-specific primers. (c–f) Cre-mediated recombination was monitored by immunofluorescence for epidermal enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression (red signal; nuclei were stained with Hoechst H33342, blue signal). Rageflx/flx (c, e) and RageΔker (d, f) mice were treated three times with 10nmol 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 100μl acetone at an interval of 48hours. Sections stained with secondary antibody (Sec. ab) alone served as a control for antibody specificity (c, d). GFP, green fluorescent protein. Scale bar=100μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2400-2406DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.185) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Gr-1+ immune cells infiltrate the dermis following a single 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulus. The back skin of control (a–e) and RageΔker mice (f–j) was treated with 10nmol TPA in 100μl acetone (6, 12, 24, and 48hours) or acetone only (Ac); the animals were killed at the indicated time points after treatment. Activated immune cells infiltrating into the dermis of the treated skin were detected by immunohistochemical staining using anti-Gr-1 (red staining). Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin (blue staining). Representative images of at least three animals per genotype and time point are shown. Scale bar=100μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2400-2406DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.185) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Quantification of infiltrating immune cells following a single 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment of back skin. Back skin of control (gray boxes) and RageΔker mice (empty boxes) was treated with 10nmol TPA in 100μl acetone (6, 12, 24, and 48hours) or acetone only (Ac); animals were killed at the indicated time points after treatment (more than three animals per group and genotype; two animals for acetone treatment). Activated infiltrating immune cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and analyzed by flow cytometry. The Mann–Whitney rank-sum test was used to calculate statistical significance. (a) Leukocytes (*P=0.017); (b) monocytes (*P=0.017); (c) macrophages (**P=0.004); (d) neutrophil granulocytes (no statistically significant difference). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2400-2406DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.185) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) deletion leads to earlier normalization of the epidermis after 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treatment. Back skin of control (b–f) and RageΔker mice (g–k) was treated with 10nmol TPA in 100μl acetone (6, 12, 24, and 48hours) or acetone only (Ac); at least three animals per genotype were killed at the indicated time points after treatment. (b–k) Keratin 6 expression was detected by red immunofluorescence; nuclei were stained with Hoechst H33342 (blue signal). Scale bar=100μm. (a) Epidermal thickness was measured from paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin; mean ± SD values are given in μm (two pictures per animal). Statistical significance was determined using the Student’s t-test, *P=0.006. Black bars=control mice; empty bars=RageΔker mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2400-2406DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.185) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Transcript levels in the interfollicular epidermis 24hours after a single 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulus. The back skin of RageΔker (n=8) and control mice (n=5) was treated with 10nmol TPA and animals were killed 24hours after treatment. Interfollicular epidermis was isolated from frozen tissue sections by laser microdissection and expression of inflammatory genes (a: Il6; b: S100a8; c: Tnfrsf1a; d: Tnf) was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR). Boxes represent relative median transcript levels and the 25th and 75th percentiles. The analysis revealed receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) dependency of transcript levels only for Tnf (*P=0.006; Mann–Whitney rank-sum test). NS, non significant. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2013 133, 2400-2406DOI: (10.1038/jid.2013.185) Copyright © 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions