Eclipse JUnit Testing make and ant Programming Tools Eclipse JUnit Testing make and ant CS 225

Development Environments Command line gvim/emacs javac java Integrated Development Environment provides access to all the tools from a single interface Eclipse (3.3.2) CS 225

Eclipse "universal tool platform" Developed by IBM Now an open source project http://www.eclipse.org/downloads Primarily a development environment for Java written in Java Extendible Plug-ins can be added to support new functionality and other languages CS 225

Eclipse Workbench Provides the basic graphical interface Divided up into views Navigator shows all projects Editor has panes for all open files Views are organized into perspectives a perspective contains a set of views that are needed for a particular task Java perspective debug perspective CS 225

Command Line Arguments in Eclipse To use command-line arguments, you need to create a Run Configuration for the project. From the Run menu (or the Run drop-down), select Open Run Dialog Create a new Run Configuration (or modify an existing on for the project) Click the Arguments tab Type the desired command-line arguments into the Program Arguments text box Click Apply and then Run CS 225

IO Redirection in Eclipse Append the redirection operators to the command-line arguments Create a script to use as an external tool CS 225

JUnit Testing JUnit is an open-source testing framework for Java facilitates the writing of test cases You can create test cases and test suites by extending the appropriate class from the JUnit package CS 225

JUnit Testing JUnit has been integrated into Eclipse Make sure junit.jar is on the build path use the Properties menu or let Eclipse find it when you create the test case Create a test case File -> New -> JUnit Test Case Run your application as a JUnit Test CS 225

In the TestCase class Write methods that test each of the methods of your class use the assertion methods on next slide for testing results of methods You can override setup() and teardown() to create a set of objects to be shared by several tests CS 225

Assertion methods assertEquals( expected, actual) for primitives assertFalse( condition), assertTrue(condition) assertNull( object), assertNotNull( object) assertSame( ecpected, actual), assertNotSame(expected, actual) CS 225

Sources of Information The home page for JUnit is at http://www.junit.org/ The documentation is at http://junit.sourceforge.net/javadoc/ CS 225

Debugging Compile time Run time Compiler forces your code to have correct syntax Run time How do you figure out what is wrong with a program that isn't running correctly? What information do you need? CS 225

Debuggers A debugger is a tool that is designed to help you figure out what is going wrong in a program. Useful functionality Start the program and have it stop just before where you think the error occurs Look at (and modify) variable values Look at the call stack Step through parts of the program one line at a time CS 225

Debugging in Eclipse The debug perspective provides the views needed for debugging. Debug view Variable View Breakpoints view Expressions view Editor view Outline and Console views are the same as in the java perspective CS 225

Debug View Shows stack frames for any programs currently being debugged Buttons allow you to Resume - start from current instruction and continue to next breakpoint or end of program Suspend (e.g. for infinite loop) Terminate stops the program Remove all terminated launches CS 225

Editor View Essentially the same as in the Java perspective Breakpoints are marked at the edge of the frame Left click and select toggle breakpoint An arrow marks the next statement to execute Hovering mouse over a variable name will show its value CS 225

Breakpoints A breakpoint is used to mark lines of code where you want the program to stop. Once the program stops, you can examine all the variables Breakpoint view shows all breakpoints and allows you to manage them Disable, enable, remove, remove all CS 225

Other kinds of Breakpoints Watchpoints - suspend when the program is going to change an instance variable Run-> Add/Remove Watchpoint Method breakpoints - suspend on entry to or exit from a method Run-> Add/Remove Method Breakpoint Exception breakpoints - suspend on a particular Exception Run-> Add/Remove Exception Breakpoint CS 225

More on Breakpoints You can set breakpoints with hit counts program stops when the breakpoint has been reached the specified number of times Right-click on the breakpoint in the breakpoint view You can also set a breakpoint to trigger when a variable changes when a Boolean expression is true CS 225

Stepping through code Step into goes into the code of a method that is being called Step over executes the entire method call Step return completes the current method call Stops at breakpoints or at the point from which the method was called CS 225

Values and Expressions Double clicking on a variable in the Variable view allows you to change its value new value is used when the program resumes Type an expression into the Expression view to find out what its value is CS 225

UML Diagrams Class diagrams Object diagrams Tools dia umbrello violet CS 225

UML Class Diagrams Used to illustrate relationships between classes Used to show the details of a particular class CS 225

UML Symbols Symbol Visibility + public - private # protected ~ package Relationship Connector inheritance (is-a) open arrow association (uses) solid line aggregation/ composition (has-a) open/ solid diamond inner class circle with cross Symbol Visibility + public - private # protected ~ package CS 225

Inheritance CS 225

Class Hierarchy CS 225

UML Class Diagram CS 225

UML Object Diagram Used to represent the state of the program at some particular time CS 225

Tools for UML Diagrams dia umbrello violet Eclipse plug-in CS 225

Building Big Projects For very large projects, the process of recompiling all the modules that make up the project can take a long time. One way to reduce the amount of time needed to build a project is to only recompile the modules that have not changed and don't use modules that have changed. Two tools that determine what needs to be recompiled. make ant (for Java) CS 225

The make Utility make is a command generator designed to help you manage large projects make allows you to specify dependencies between modules if a class depends on another class, it should be recompiled when that class changes make allows you to specify how to compile a particular class make uses these specifications to determine the minimum amount of work needed to recompile a program CS 225

How does make Work? make uses a file called Makefile (or makefile or GNUMakefile) to determine what needs to be recompiled. The makefile contains a set of rules for executing the jobs it can be asked to do. When you run make, it uses the rules in the makefile to determine what needs to be done. make does the minimum amount of work needed to get the job done. CS 225

The Makefile A make file consists of a set of rules Each rule has the form target: dependencies commands target is (usually) the name of a file to be created dependencies are the names of files that are needed to create the target commands is one or more commands that need to be executed to create the target. Each command is indented with a tab CS 225

Example TestPriorityQueue uses KWPriorityQueue. PrintDocument and ComparePrintDocuments objects ComparePrintDocuments uses PrintDocument objects KWPriorityQueue implements Queue CS 225

makefile CS 225 TestPriorityQueue.class: TestPriorityQueue.java \ KWPriorityQueue.class PrintDocument.class \ ComparePrintDocuments.class javac TestPriorityQueue.java KWPriorityQueue.class: KWPriorityQueue.java Queue.class javac KWPriorityQueue.java Queue.class: Queue.java javac Queue.java CS 225

makefile (cont.) CS 225 ComparePrintDocuments.class: \ ComparePrintDocuments.java PrintDocument.class javac ComparePrintDocuments.java PrintDocument.class: PrintDocument.java javac PrintDocument.java CS 225

Dummy targets The makefile can also have targets that don’t create files A target to run a java program TestPriorityQueue: TestPriorityQueue.class java TestPriorityQueue A target to remove class files clean: rm -f *.class CS 225

Sources of Information Managing Projects with make by Andrew Oram and Steve Talbot http://www.delorie.com/gnu/docs/make/ make_toc.html Look at the man page man make CS 225

Ant make can be used with Java files ant was designed for building large Java projects acronym for "Another Neat Tool" Ant uses XML format for build files CS 225

build files A build file is an xml file that contains exactly one project element <?xml version="1.0" ?> <project default="main"> </project> main is target to build if none is given name and basedir are optional attributes for project CS 225

Targets A project element contains one or more targets Each target corresponds to a task the main target is required <target name="main> </target> depends attribute contains list of targets that this target needs CS 225

Tasks Each target contains one or more tasks There are a number of built-in tasks java needs the classname attribute to be set to the main class javac jar - to create a java archive javadoc - to create the documentation CS 225

Sources of Information Ant The Definitive Guide by Steve Holzner Ant is an open source Apache project http://ant.apache.org/ CS 225