Student Ţenea Maria Raluca University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest Faculty of Horticulture International Student Symposium “Hortus Academicus” March 29, 2019, Bucharest, Romania RESULTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME NEW CHINESE DATE GENOTYPES (ZIZIPHUS JUJUBE) Student Ţenea Maria Raluca Professor Dr. Florin Stănică International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction The Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is recognized as the most important fruit species belonging to the Rhamnaceae family. Jujube originates from China, with a history of over 4.000 years (Li et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2009) while in Romania it seems the tree was brought via the Silk road 2000 years ago (Stănică, 2009). International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction In Romania, the Chinese date plants can be found in semispontaneous status in Dobrogea region (Ciocarlan, 2000), located between the Danube and the Black Sea; there are several places where the Chinese date plants exist in naturalized populations (Stanică, 2008). This fruit tree has been growing for several hundred years in Ostrov and Jurilovca villages and is called by local people “Dobrogea’s olive tree” (Stanică, 2016). International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction The fruits of Ziziphus jujuba, known as jujube or Chinese date, are being consumed all around the world because of their health benefits,as both food and herbal medicine. The fruits are rich in Vitamin C, sugar, bioflavonoids, edible cellulose and vitamins. Fresh fruits contain about 400-600 mg of Vitamin C per 100 g fresh weight, whereas apple, pear and peach only have 1-8 mg/100 g fresh wight. 1. Anticonvulsant effect 2. Amelioration of cognitive impairment 3. Sedative activity 4. Antiexperimental depression function 5. Repairing effects on memory and learning impairment International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Introduction Objective: Characterization the behaviour of some new chinese date genotypes (Ziziphus jujube) in Bucharest area through: 1.The extension of the existing genotype collection from Bucharest Experimental Field through grafting with local selection (Dobrogea) and Chinese varieties. 2.Biometric analyses to the existing plants 3.Biometric and biochemical analyses on fruits. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods In the Experimental Field of Faculty of Horticulture, at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest was established an experimental field with more than 15 Ziziphus jujuba genotypes. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

R2P6 YUJIAO R2P6 YUSHUAI R3P1 – DONG ZAO International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods Grafting material In November 2018, in a technical trip in Dobrogea region, I collected valuable branches and fruits from a local jujube genotype in Ostrov and suckers from a wild jujube located in Jurilovca. JURILOVCA OSTROV International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods 1. Grafting material The jujube fruits from Ostrov have been subjected to dehydratation at low temperatures (35º-40º C) for 35 hours so that the content of vitamins won’t decrease and responded well, their organoleptic characteristics have been maintained. The branches from Jurilovca were kept in plastic film in cold storages till spring, where they were used for grafting. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods 1. Grafting material The kernels from Ostrov genotype were collected and kept in cold storages till spring when they were cracked. The seeds found inside were used for seed propagation. The new plants will be used as rootstocks. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods 1. Grafting method In May 2018 has been performed, in the Experimental Field of Bucharest, overgrafting on 2 wild jujube trees, used as rootstoks and on other genotype (R1P5). The method used was bark grafting and the scions were provided from Dobrogea region: Ostrov and Jurilovca genotypes and also scions provided from China: Hongguang Rainbow, Chenguang Starlight, Yueguang Moonlight, Fama. R2P1 Hongguang Raibow International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods 2.Biometric analyses to the existing plants The harvest was made manually in 4 stages: 7th, 19 and 29 of September, 10th of October. The fruits were weighed on each genotype and measured. R1P6 R2P4 International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Materials and Methods 3.Biometric and biochemical analyses on fruits. At the beginning of consumption maturity, fruit analyses regarding soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness were performed for each genotype. All the determinations and analyses were made in laboratories of Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions 1. Grafting Anticipated sprouts with flowers Starlight International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions Jurilovca Jurilovca Ostrov International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions 2. Analyzes on existing genotypes International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Soluble solids content Results and discussions 3. Analyzes on fruits Following the study of some agroproductive parameters of the plant and organoleptic and physico-chemical characteristics of the fruits, there were conducted comparative researches between the genotype Dong Zao from the Experimental Field in Bucharest and the fruits of Dong Zao from China (Table 1). Table 1. Physic-chemical characteristics of Dong Zao variety at the beginning of consumption maturity, after cold storage Genotype Average fruit weight (g) Average kernel weight Firmness (kg/cm2) Soluble solids content (% Brix) Dong Zao (R3P1) 116.53 0.63 5.15 16.5 (China) 172.83 2.48 20.78 International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

DONG ZAO (CHINA) DONG ZAO (BUCHAREST)

Soluble solids content Results and discussions Genotype Firmness (kg/cm2) Soluble solids content (% Brix) SUT % Water R1P6 7.18 21.1 19.71 80.29 R1P7 5 20.5 27.73 72.27 R2P6 (Yushuai) 9.51 25.9 30.16 69.84 (Yujiao) 3.65 16.4 22.89 77.11 R2P8 ( Hu Ping Zao) 3.64 16.3 32.33 67.67 R2P11 (Li Zao) 3.61 19.2 26.39 73.61 R3P1 (Dong Zao) 5.15 16.5 22.51 77.49 R3P5 4.48 26.3 28.06 71.94 International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Results and discussions International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

Conclusions and recommendations From the experimental results it has been showed that local genotypes responded better at grafting in Bucharest area with a highest percentage of 55% - Jurilovca than the Chinese varieties Regarding the biometric analyses : the highest production/tree was recorded at R1P9 - 29.7 kg/tree. Chinese date is very well known for the highest content in soluble solids. In the Bucharest collection, the genotype with the highest soluble solid content was R3P5 - 26.3 % Brix, and with the highest drymatter content was R2P8 (Hu Ping Zao) – 32.33 %. International Student Symposium "Hortus Academicus“ March 29, 2019 - Bucharest, Romania

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References Dongheng Liu, Ph.D., Xinggqian Ye. Ph.D., and Yueming Jiang, Ph.D., 2016. Chinese Dates: A Traditional Functional Food Florin STĂNICĂ, TWENTY YEARS OF JUJUBE (ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA MILL.) RESEARCH IN ROMANIA JianpingChen,1 XiaoyanLiu,1 ZhongguiLi,1 AirongQi,1 PingYao,2 ZhongyuZhou,2,3 TinaT.X.Dong,2,3 andKarlW.K.Tsim2,3, 2017, A Review of Dietary Ziziphus jujuba Fruit (Jujube): Developing Health Food Supplements for Brain Protection DICIANU E. D.1, IVAN E. Ş.2, JERCA I.O.2, CICEOI R.2, STĂNICĂ F., , Morphometric and phytopathological analysis of Romanian jujube fruits during the storage period