POSTSTRUCTURALISM AND POSTMODERNISM © Serhiy Kvit

The ideological context of postmodernism confusion of civilization    postmodernism-1 and postmodernism-2    aesthetic conformism

Roland Barthes (1915-1980) the death of the author

Roland Barthes Signs and what they mean are not fixed and unchanged, but, on the contrary, may lead to the fact that the sign itself will denote more complex mythological senses as complex features of the structure of the myth. Thus, the primacy of the structure is overshadowed by this fundamental doubt as to the stability of the meaning. Such a critical study of the sign indicates a profound shift in ideas from structuralism to post-structuralism.

Roland Barthes Since the authors write only within the framework of the language in which they were born and formed, their texts can be interpreted not in terms of the intentions of their authors, but only in their relationship with other texts: in intertextuality. Consequently, with the death of the author, the identification of meaning is shifted to the role of the unspecified reader, who, while reading the text, writes and rewrites it metaphorically, in agreement with socio-discursive arrangements that make this text understandable.

Roland Barthes The texts that are suitable for writing require an active effort from the reader who is to write the text for himself/herself in order to fill his meaning; The texts that are suitable for reading place the reader in a passive position, given their less sophisticated requirements in terms of the reader's response, who thus perceives the meaning of the text without challenge.

Michel Foucault (1926–1984) resistance to power

Michel Foucault He considers the power as capillar and omnipresent, which is circulating through individuals, their actions and practice. The human body is interpreted as the main object of observation, but also as capable of resistance to power. Foucault developed the archeology of knowledge, for which history appears to be something intact, but is seamed in places of discontinuity and interruption. The oppressed knowledge sprout through the rocks and in the corners of historical fractures, and, demanding a voice for themselves, turn into political projects that appear as genealogical. From the Foucault's point of view, knowledge are social, there is neither an author nor a stable value.

Jacques Derrida (1930–2004) grammatology

Poststructuralism Unlike deconstruction, it is a philosophy or a world outlook. Postmodernism criticizes structuralism theory, arguing that knowledge, truth, and reality arise not from experience but from language, which is unstably structured system, and thereby it relativizes and demystifies of metanarratives of Western modernity and thought.

Metanarration The notion that captures in its content the phenomenon of the existence of concepts claiming universality, domination in culture and "legitimizing" of knowledge, a variety of social institutions, a certain way of thinking. As a rule, metanarratives are based on the ideas of the Enlightenment: "progress in history", freedom and rationalism. Postmodernism considers metanarration as a kind of ideology of modernism, which imposes on society and culture a certain ideological way of thinking in general; By restricting, suppressing and controlling, it commits violence against a person and his consciousness.

Logocentrism Belief in rational language and thought lies in the fact that in order for something to exist, it must be present in reality. Logocentrism describes how western rationality is based on bipolarities associated with the concept of "presence against the absence", which defines true reality.

Binary Oppositions The silent hierarchy of violence lies in the opposition of man / woman, oral language / letter, good / evil, reason / matter. The collapse of the binary is not about to overturn the hierarchy, but rather to destabilize it, to leave the opposition in a state of insolubility.

Grammatology science about writing and textuality the history of the possibility of history, which would no longer be archeology the title of the question, which causes the questionable strategies of deconstruction the expression of deconstruction, the strategy of questioning texts and textology, which are deconstructing in accordance with the original grammatical distinction

Postmodernism postmodernist critique states that all social phenomena have a constructed nature    no discourse has an authoritative and final value    in contrast to the "undifferentiated" notions of culture and truth it’s postulated (respectively) ethnicity and perspective

Deconstruction it is theory and practice at the same time   it is a method for reading texts in order to clarify conflicts, silence and splits   it argues that the truth of discourse essentially depends on the tropes, images and other means of persuasion it is a method that can theoretically be applied to any discipline or cultural product this is not the disclosure of the hidden truth, nor the overthrow of the binary opposition in favor of the lower, discriminatory term, it is a method and a policy of demystification, relativization and displacement of the basis: it is dissemination

Dissemination The process by which the meaning of any term or set of terms is distributed in the language and sprayed in the language system, never reaching its final end. Derrida uses this meaning, referring to the kind of reproductive ability of language and discourse.

Intertextuality the method of reading one text against the another one, which allows to highlight the common textual and ideological resonances; it is a recognition that all texts and ideas exist in the common network of relationships a method of comparative reading texts in order to discover different similarities and differences and to believe that all texts and ideas are an integral part of the network of historical, social, ideological and textual relations studying the deep context of any textual act and comes through several different pathss of associations, which is actually the main content of the text