Chapter 1 DESIGN & ENGINEERING

WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY?

Technology takes place when people use their knowledge to extend their abilities, satisfy needs and wants to solve problems

What are some examples of technology that use… everyday. Everyweek What are some examples of technology that use… everyday? Everyweek? At school?

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY Demand for more products increased, new production technologies and processes answered the demand Agricultural Age- based on growing crops and raising livestock Industrial Age- based on manufacturing Information Age- based on knowledge

AGRICULTURAL AGE INDUSTRIAL AGE INFORMATION AGE -began about 10,000 yrs ago Began around 1750bc Began around 1850 Economy based upon growing crops Economy based on manufacturing Economy based on knowledge Key inventions: Plow Loom Reading & writing Measurement Steam engines Blast furnace Mass production Train, plane automobiles Skyscraper Telephone, radio, TV Computer Internet/web Key Impacts: Growth of towns and cities Specialization in jobs Most people work where they live Public schools People move from farms and villages to cities Greater productivity- lower priced goods Most people travel to work Electronic business and education Globalization Work goes with you

Products of technology that moved people from Agricultural Age to Information Age…was the result of Design

DESIGN- the process of creating things by planning

2 ways to design: Invention- new idea Innovation- improvement Example- CD player innovation of the phonograph (Edison)

The Design Process:

The Design Process Steps Step 1- Identify a need or problem a. state the problem b. know the criteria c. know the constraints Ex. Problem- design an athletic shoe for hardwood floors Criteria- must grip hardwood floors Constraints- shoe tops- leather - cost < $20 CAN YOU THINK OF A DESIGN PROBLEM?

Step 2-Gather Information -research what others have done -Talk to people- feedback WHAT OTHER THINGS CAN WE DO TO GATHER INFORMATION?

Step 3- Develop Possible Solutions - should be many ideas- never 1 solution - brainstorm ideas - pros/cons for each idea - principles and elements of design helpful

Step 4- Model the Solution - 2-D/pictorial drawings - scale models - functional models- work, but don’t look like final - prototype- working model - computer simulation

Step 5- Test and Evaluate the Solution - does it do what its supposed to? - will it last as long as needed? - is the cost within acceptable limits? - does it stay within the criteria & constraints?

Step 6- Refine the Solution - are changes needed?

Step 7- Communicate your Ideas - prove your design is worthy - make a presentation - make drawings, charts, prototypes

Types of Engineers Manufacturing- find the best way to produce a product Goal- increase productivity Design & organize the placement of machines on plant floor Develop the sequence of processes used to transform materials into products

2. Aerospace- new types of aircraft - focus on engine design, frame of aircraft, and the control systems 3. Materials- developing materials with specific properties that meet a manufacturer’s needs -strength, conductivity and hardness

4. Environmental- design cleaner production methods - design systems to clean up polluted sites 5. Computer- spin- off of electrical - can specialize in hardware or computer design -install and maintain large computer systems

Your Turn Choose a type of engineer to be. What would you do as that type of engineer? Would you invent something? Would you innovate something? How? Write down and sketch out what you would do! Pages 30, 31, and 32

ARCHITECT Description plan, design and oversee the construction of may types of buildings Work closely with clients, engineers and building contractors Prepare scale drawings Ensure projects meet building codes and laws

Qualifications math and science background Drafting and problem-solving skills Bachelor’s degree 3 years experience and pass an exam Require license from the state High school- math, science, design, history, archeology

Job Outlook- good- depends on construction industry Planning for change- watch for new developments, change in technology, supportive personality