III. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

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Presentation transcript:

III. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=natural+selection&gbv=2

A. Natural Selection: 1. The process by which individuals w/ inherited characteristics that are well-suited to the environment leave more offspring on average than other individuals. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/images/misconceptions_beavers.gif

Natural Selection favors traits that benefit the organisms in a particular environment (NOT RANDOM). These individuals are more likely to survive. Live longer = Reproduce more. Some alleles become more common and the allele frequency changes.

a. The difference among members of the same species. 3. In order for Natural Selection to occur, there must be Genetic Variation. a. The difference among members of the same species. b. Causes are mutations and sexual recombination (crossing over). http://www.detectingdesign.com/images/NaturalSelection/natura3.gif

4. Could lead two isolated populations of same species to become separate as adapt to different environments (Speciation). Example: Darwin’s Finches. http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_112/Images/FinchTypes.jpg

B. Four Principles of Natural Selection 1. Variation: __________________________ ____________________________________ 2. Heritability: ________________________ ____________________________________ 3. Overproduction: ____________________ ____________________________________ 4. Reproductive Advantage: _____________ ____________________________________

C. Artificial Selection: Selective breeding of domesticated plants/animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits. Great deal of changes in relatively short period of time. Favors traits that humans choose.

http://www.world-agriculture.com/images/water_buffalo.jpg

D. Clearing up Misconceptions about Natural Selection Natural Selection does not produce adaptations. NS can only act on the genes that are present. NS does not produce perfect organisms. Constantly evolving to changing environment. Trade-offs. NS doesn’t give organisms what they “need”. NS is NOT RANDOM. Favors certain genes (doesn’t “choose” them)

Evolution doesn’t work this way