Communications Infrastructure Security, Access & Restoration Bruce Allan, Chairman November 6, 2003

22 Address the risks and vulnerabilities of our nation's television, radio, multi-channel video, microwave, and satellite infrastructure in the event of terrorist attack, natural disaster or other manmade catastrophe. Assess current security and restoration capabilities to identify best practices, needed enhancements, and recommended changes. Review current media infrastructure redundancy within and between each industry segment. Evaluate the impact of digital technology on security, infrastructure redundancy, and service restoration. Charter of Communications Infrastructure Working Group

3 Task ForcesChair PreventionGlenn Reitmeier, NBC RestorationBob Seidel, CBS Future Technologies/Ira Goldstone, Tribune Digital Solutions Working Group Organization

44 Media Survey MediaAssociation Survey Questionnaires Distributed RespondentsMarket Coverage RadioNAB % Television NAB APTS % CableNCTA221883% SatelliteSBCA22100%

55 Have a Disaster Recovery Plan Media Survey – Key Findings 15% 47% 71% Radio TVCable Have Rehearsed Their Disaster Recovery Plan Radio TV Cable 7% 17% 58% 7% 13% 11% Radio TVCable Have Reciprocity Agreements with Other Local Media Companies Updated Disaster Recovery Plan After 9/ % 36% 58% Radio TVCable

66 Media Survey – Key Findings Radio TVCable 72% 85% 87% Have Secure Access Radio TV 38% 80% Transmission Site News Origination Facilities

77 Have a Backup Transmitter and Antenna Capability Media Survey – Key Findings 54% Radio TV 43% Radio TV 60% 41% Have an Alternate Site for News/Programming Back up capabilities - Cable 76% of cable respondents receive their primary signal feed from over-the air broadcasters with limited backup capability 62% of the cable systems surveyed have redundant routes from headends to hubs 88% of cable subscribers are served by headends that have access to the internet 32% Radio TV 50% Can activate backup communication links to transmitters in 15 minutes

8 Best Practice Recommendations Prevention Prevention: Radio, Local Television & Cable Television: –Physical Security: Appropriate physical security, augmented by security personnel and/or video surveillance at all key facilities. –Backup Power: Diverse power grid sources Backup power at key facilities –Redundant Communications: Robust and redundant communications for external/remote news sources Backup signal feeds to primary satellite sites. Backup signal feeds to transmitter/hub sites. –Redundant Facilities: Broadcasters with local news origination should have emergency origination capability at a second location (e.g. backup studio, ENG truck). Geographically diverse backup transmitter access, if feasible. Collaborate with colleagues and government authorities to increase site diversity and redundancy.

9 Best Practice Recommendations Prevention Collaborative Planning All Local Media (e.g., Television Broadcasters, Cable Operators and Radio Broadcasters) in a market should collaborate to increase their collective geographic diversity and to establish redundant interconnections capable of supporting emergency operations. Television broadcasters should examine the possibility of using DTV facilities as backup for analog. Cable systems and local broadcasters in a market should work jointly to develop prevention plans. Cable systems should have some capability to obtain news and information in an emergency situation. (May include ENG/SNG trucks, satellite links or signal reception from local television broadcasters.) Radio broadcasters should work with television broadcasters and cable operators to establish diverse primary and backup signal feeds from local television broadcasters and cable systems for use in emergency situations.

10 The Restoration Task Force has been charged with assessing the communications industrys ability to restore broadcast service following a national disaster or terrorist attack First hand experience in responding to disaster situations has provided the basis for many of the recommended Restoration Best Practices: Hurricane Andrew (1992) World Trade Center (2001) N.E. Power Grid Failure (2003) The quickest and most effective restoration process results from broadcasters having redundant facilities, emergency back-up power, and a well prepared and rehearsed recovery plan. Restoration Working Group

11 Best Practice Recommendations Restoration Restoration: –Encourage radio and television broadcasters, cable companies, direct broadcast satellite (DBS) and digital satellite radio providers to develop and implement written disaster recovery plans to deal with short-term disruptions and catastrophic failure in primary transmission and studio facilities. –Urge local stations and other media organizations to update their disaster recovery plans as events warrant, and regularly conduct emergency drills at least once annually. –Establish market-by-market restoration committees consisting of all FCC licensees, MSOs and other electronic media including television, radio, cable DBS, digital satellite radio and telecommunications carriers.

12 Implement studio and transmitter operational reciprocity arrangements to ensure signal availability in all markets. Develop plans for utilization of ENG trucks as emergency alternate studios, with microwave links at transmitter sites for both analog and digital services. Create plans for alternate paths to cable headends. Alternate emergency distribution paths would include: – DTV transmitter to cable headend, down converted to NTSC. –SNG to DBS to cable headend and DBS to homes; –Cross-connecting cable systems. –Opening local-to-local DBS; –Opening local-to-local DBS service to all subscribers on an emergency basis. –Low data rate Internet links. –Portable microwave links. Best Practice Recommendations Restoration

13 Develop recovery timelines in situations where backup facilities exist. Stations with backup facilities should be prepared to provide service within 15 minutes of loss of primary facility. Propose that the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) administer emergency response broadcast equipment packages. –Regional storage depots for use only in emergency situations. –Mobile recovery systems to include: VHF, UHF, AM & FM transmission units. Mobile generators. 500-foot & 100-foot tower sections. Establish federal preemption authority during declared national emergencies for replacement towers and other essential broadcast and content delivery needs. Restore broadcast telecommunications. –Satellite phones to be available. –Stations encouraged to establish amateur radio facility in studio. –Utilize portable handheld units and alternate 450 MHz communications repeater sites. Best Practice Recommendations Restoration

14 Best Practice Recommendations Future Technologies/Digital Solutions –Leverage existing digital television tool-set, including over-the-air, cable and satellite, to develop new emergency notification standards and practices. Use of multiple video and audio channels. Channel designation. Close captioning. ACAP middleware standard.

15 Sep-02Dec-02Mar-03Jun-03Sep-03Dec-03 Prevention Define Work Plan National Review Regional Review Metropolitan Review Restoration Evaluate Redundancy Develop Restoration Plan Digital Solutions Design Survey Work Group Meetings Aug 7th Cinti Dec 11th Wash March 19th Wash June 18th Wash Sept 17th Wash Chairman's Meetings Task Force Meetings Scheduled by Task Force Chairs Finalize Recommendations Jun-02 Document Current Restoration Capabilities/Deficiencies Review Digital Landscape Identify Issues/Solutions Monthly Conference Calls Working Group Calendar Tampa Model City Workshop Dec 2nd

16 Participate in Tampa Model City Workshop Finalize national level, DBS, and Satellite radio assessments Develop disaster recovery plan template Expand the pool of ideas and prototypes of digital applications Complete final report by February 29th. Next Steps