Campbell R. Harvey Duke University and NBER

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Campbell R. Harvey Duke University and NBER January 19, 2018 Addresses Campbell R. Harvey Duke University and NBER

Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses Bitcoin uses Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm* (ECDSA) for signing transactions. I have additional material on EC encryption in a handout called Cryptography 101. Here are the steps. We first start with the ECDSA generating a private and public key. This is the key pair. You can sign transactions with the private key Anyone with your public key can verify the signature is valid The bitcoin address is linked to these keys Specifically, ECDSA sec256k1. See https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Secp256k1 Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses Bitcoin addresses are like random numbers If two people have the same address, this is called a collision Given the current implementation, the probability of collision is miniscule https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Technical_background_of_version_1_Bitcoin_addresses Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses 1. Start with private ECDSA key 2. Take public key generated with it* 3. Perform SHA-256 on public key 18E14A7B6A307F426A94F8114701E7C8E774E7F9A47E2C2035DB29A206321725 0450863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B23522CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6 600FFE422B4E00731A59557A5CCA46CC183944191006324A447BDB2D98D4B408 Campbell R. Harvey 2018 *65 bytes, 1 byte 0x04, 32 bytes corresponding to x-coordinate; 32 bytes for y coordinate

Addresses 4. Perform RIPEMD-160 hash on the result of SHA-256 5. Add version number byte in front of RIPEMD-160 010966776006953D5567439E5E39F86A0D273BEE 00010966776006953D5567439E5E39F86A0D273BEE 6. Perform SHA-256 on extended RIPEMD-160 445C7A8007A93D8733188288BB320A8FE2DEBD2AE1B47F0F50BC10BAE845C094 Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses 7. Perform SHA-256 on the previous SHA-256 8. Take first 4 bytes of 2nd SHA-256 (address checksum) 9. Add 4 checksum bytes to extended RIPEMD-160 in stage 5 (25 byte bitcoin address) D61967F63C7DD183914A4AE452C9F6AD5D462CE3D277798075B107615C1A8A30 D61967F6 00010966776006953D5567439E5E39F86A0D273BEED61967F6 Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses 16UwLL9Risc3QfPqBUvKofHmBQ7wMtjvM 10. Convert to base58 (upper and lower case letters, numbers, excluding 0,O,I,l) Voilà. The bitcoin address. 16UwLL9Risc3QfPqBUvKofHmBQ7wMtjvM Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses Campbell R. Harvey 2018

Addresses Generate a private key and address: https://www.bitaddress.org/ http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/3041/what-is-a-130-hex-character-public-key https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=78132.0 Campbell R. Harvey 2018