Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans

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Presentation transcript:

Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans

Life as a worm-- the nematode C. elegans

Hermaphrodites do it by themselves

An entire C. elegans hermaphrodite worm consists of exactly 959 cells EVERY SINGLE TIME, allowing one to follow the cell lineage.

Most lineages do not consist of single tissue types but the germline and the gut both arise from single founder cells

Most lineages do not consist of single tissue types but the germline and the gut both arise from single founder cells

the secret of embryonic development Within this lineage is the secret of embryonic development

Even cell death is programmed into the lineage C. elegans was used to identify the machinery that regulates programmed cell death in ALL animals

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 "for their discoveries concerning ’ genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" Sidney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John Sulston

One mechanism is through asymmetric segragation of determinants How can lineage control cell fate? One mechanism is through asymmetric segragation of determinants

segregated into one cell at the 16-cell stage. That cell is the A determinant within the P granules is asymmetrically segregated into one cell at the 16-cell stage. That cell is the progenitor of the germline! DNA P granules Gilbert 8.33

In par mutants P granules are found in ALL daughter cells wildtype par-3 mutant

Mutations can alter lineages in many ways

Changes in the pattern of cell division Example #1- lin-22 Changes in the pattern of cell division

Changes in the pattern of cell division Example #1- lin-22 Changes in the pattern of cell division lin-22 is homologous to the Drosophila pair-rule gene hairy

Changes in the timing of cell division Example #2- lin-14 Changes in the timing of cell division L1 L2 L1 L2 L1 L1 L1

The vulva provides a great model for how cell interactions shape cell lineage! Vulva

Cell ablations help define the key players

All cells are created equal (or, the road to fame is paved with dead bodies)

The vul mutations helped define the RTK-Ras pathway, which is mutationally activated in about half of all human tumors

Does this remind you of anything we learned earlier?

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