Overview of Korean War

History of Korea Korea is a country that has a long history There have been many different dynasties and kingdoms in its history Silla Baekje Gogureo Gaya Balhae Joseon And many others

Between super powers Korea has a long history of being next to very powerful neighbors

Korea was attacked (and defeated) Japan a few times in its history

Japan became industrialized In 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Japan Japan saw the USA’s technology and they wanted to become industrialized

Japan built themselves up The Meiji Restoration (1868) put a big focus onto becoming stronger through industrialization

Japan took over Korea Japan took over Korea

Japan did not treat Koreans well They tried to eliminate the Korean language Hundreds of thousands of girls/women were forced into prostitution for the Japanese army Hundreds of thousands of boys/men were forced into the Japanese army There were many unsuccessful rebellions

38th parallel Korea was a Japanese colony during WWII When Japan lost the war, Russian and American troops liberated Korea The Russians and Americans decided that Korea should be divided at the 38th parallel in 1945 North Korea 38th parallel South Korea

Question: What is a “puppet government?” Puppet Governments The U.S. administered the South and put an anti-communist, pro-American leader in charge The USSR administered the North and put a Communist leader in charge Russians and Americans withdrew troops from this area in 1948 and 1949 Question: What is a “puppet government?”

In 1949 China became Communist. Why is this fact important to Korea? Important to the U.S.? North Korea South Korea

Both Northern and Southern leaders wanted to unite the country – but with different types of government. Kim Il Sung (North Korean leader) understood that resolving the problem of unifying the two Koreas was very difficult -- that he would need help. Of course the help he was hoping to get would come from the Soviet Union or China. Kim Il Sung and Mao Zedong

Attack!!! 1950- NK invaded SK with 90,000 troops equipped with Soviet weapons & tanks Afraid that Korea would fall to Communism like China, the U.S. began to rush in troops. The U.S. brought the Korean situation up with the U.N.… The Russians were boycotting the U.N, so the U.S. convinced the UN to authorize a ‘police action’ to help the South Koreans. About 90% of troops were American

Why American Involvement? President Truman "Korea is a small country, thousands of miles away. But what is happening there is important to every American. The fact that communist forces have invaded Korea is a warning that there may be similar acts of aggression in other parts of the world ..." The U.S. led UN forces pushed the North Koreans back to the 38th parallel and then kept going. They pushed all the way to the border of China…

After several more years of inconclusive fighting back and forth, a cease fire was signed. Signed in 1953, it declared the 38th parallel once again as the break between the two countries.

Significance Reflects new American foreign policy of containment Limited warfare (did not use atomic bomb) Integrated Armed forces Begin to see a dramatic increase in military spending & permanent mobilization To this day, North & South Korea remain divided. The U.S. has no formal diplomatic relationship with North Korea.

Permanent mobilization (American troops/military bases around the world 2007)