Official governmental aid International aid Official governmental aid Voluntary aid Multilateral aid Bilateral aid Long-term Short-term Given by many countries and paid out by an international organisation e.g. UN. Given for constant improvement. To help development. Given to cope with immediate problems caused by disasters. Given from one country to another. The good….. Aid which is long term can help development. Overtime the country can become less reliant on foreign aid. Aid can help combat poverty. It can be used to help a boost a countries economy. For example money can be used to set up new industry. The bad….. The recipient can become dependent on the aid. Some aid may not reach the people who need it. Some aid only lasts a short time- will not help development. Some aid can be tied. The benefits of aid can take a long time.

Employment structures and development NIC MEDC LEDC As a country develops they loose their primary industry and begin to industrialise as the country becomes further developed and the land too expensive the secondary industry is moved. Any secondary industry that is left if carried out by machines. Tertiary industry then has enough money to fully develop.

A sustainable aid project Wateraid – LDC - Mali WaterAid is an international NGO (non-governmental organisation /charity) that focuses on the provision of safe domestic water, sanitation and hygiene education to the world's poorest people.. WaterAid's vision is of a world where everyone has access to safe domestic water and effective sanitation. In Mali, current national figures indicate that only 50% of the people have access to clean drinking water and only 4% of the population have access to adequate sanitation facilities (toilets). Women spend much of their time searching for water. Children also spend precious school hours looking for water at the expense of their education Wateraid works with local people & organisations, as they best know the local people. Mali’s environment is harsh and deteriorating. Rainfall levels are already low and falling further. Poor sanitation means bad health. Bacteria, viruses and parasites found in human waste are responsible for the transmission of cholera, typhoid and other infectious diseases that kill millions of people each year. The problem is huge in both urban and rural areas Wateraid integrate water, sanitation & hygiene projects 65% of the country is desert or semi-desert In Mali, the water industry is privatised but often fails to the provide water to rural and urban aeas. Health has now improved include reducing the deaths from diarrhoea – 65% improvement Education is now improving, money is being invested into the infrastructure Wateraid is first targeting Slums in Mali’s capital, it wants to show the government that projects in slums are easy to set up and sustainable. Wateraid employs local people, who they are training up to maintain the system and raise money to keep it running. Then invest in the community – THIS IS SUSTAINABLE WaterAid started pilot projects in Mali in 2011

Factors that influence economic activity BRIC - South East Brazil More MNCs are located here than anywhere else in Brazil South East Brazil is the economic CORE region of Brazil, it has primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary industries. Factors that influence economic activity BRIC - South East Brazil Secondary Industries It is the centre for foreign and national investment in manufacturing. Investment was concentrated her in the 1950s/60s by the Government. Excellent road and rail links here, as well as the most ports and airports. Solid pipeline for oil and gas. Car industry is the major activity – Ford, GM, VW, Fiat and Toyota manufacture here. Other production includes clothing, food , printing and furniture. (Yet decreasing due to competition in AISA) The quality of life and wages are higher than anywhere else in Brazil The periphery is just outside the economic core, where most people live and some industries are located Primary Industries What influence the primary industries here? -Warm temperature Average rainfall Rich soils GREAT FOR FARMING Coffee, beef, rice, cacao, sugar cane and fruit are grown here MINING Large deposits of gold, iron ore, manganese and bauxite make mining very viable here ENERGY Oil, gas offshore and hydroelectric power from the large river ensure energy is produced FOREST/LOGGING Warm temperatures create the forest FISHING -Off the coast many are employed in fishing and supplies food for the locals Tertiary Sao Paulo is the largest financial centre in south America. Most headquarters for Brazil’s banks. Rio de Janerio, Santos, Sao Paulo major cities Quaternary Centre of research and development in public & private sectors. San Jose Dos Campos is the key area. The Aerospace Technical Centre is where space & aviation is developed & tested Map showing Brazil’s regional Human Development Index 50 years upward growth, clear multiplier effect The population is over 72 million and is the largest in Brazil

Factors that influence economic activity LEDC - Kenya Tertiary Strong in the rift valley as there is lots of National Parks and lakes. Primary Lots in the north east. They rear livestock such as cattle. The area is too hot and dry to grow crops but suitable for grazing. Primary Lots in the west. They produce coffee, tea, tobacco and fruits. The area has good soil and rainfall. Tertiary Strong on the coast because of the beaches. Secondary Lots of manufacturers in Nairobi . They produce clothes, food and drink . The area has good transport links and a good labour supply. Secondary There are cement works in the coast. They use the limestone from nearby deposits as a raw material and can then ship it easily.

Employment structures Primary industry Secondary industry Economic Cheap land as farming uses large areas of land. Good transport routes to export. Environmental Lots of raw materials. A suitable climate. Good soil. Economic Suitable local market. Government grants given to encourage set up. Lots of workers. Good transport routes. Environmental Close to raw materials. Plenty of flat land A local water supply. Research and development. Tertiary industry Quaternary industry Services Environmental Green open spaces for a pleasant environment. Economic A suitable local market. Good transport routes. Skilled and educated workers. Economic Near similar businesses so that information can be shared. Skilled and educated workers. Environmental Green open spaces for a pleasant environment. Social Enough local people to support the service. Social Nice quality housing nearby to encourage workers to move.