Current strategies to avoid misdiagnosis of malaria T. Hänscheid  Clinical Microbiology and Infection  Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 497-504 (June 2003) DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00640.x Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Granularity/lobularity plot of the Cell-Dyn 3700 full blood count analyzer, (a) Patient without malaria. (b) Patient with P. falciparum malaria, showing the typical appearance of hemozoin-containing monocytes in the eosinophil area (purple arrow). Note the abnormal eosinophil distribution with some events at the top of the plot (green arrow), most likely hemozoin-containing granulocytes, misclassified as eosinophils. Granularity = 90° depolarized light scatter; lobularity = 90° light scatter; eosinophils = green dots; lymphocytes = blue dots; monocytes = purple dots; granulocytes = orange dots. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 497-504DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00640.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Time of malaria smears, Lisbon, Portugal (n = 169). Malaria smears were requested at a large Accident & Emergency Department, where around 500 patients are seen daily. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 497-504DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00640.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Distribution of parasitemia in 69 consecutive malaria cases, Lisbon. Solid black bars represent cases where low-level parasitemia may cause difficulty in microscopic diagnosis, especially if only thin smears are used. 0.01% = 1 parasitized erythrocyte in 10 000 erythrocytes ≈ 1 parasitized erythrocyte in 40–50 microscopic fields of a thin smear. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003 9, 497-504DOI: (10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00640.x) Copyright © 2003 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions