Mass deworming to improve developmental health and wellbeing of children in low- income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

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Mass deworming to improve developmental health and wellbeing of children in low- income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Dr Vivian A Welch, PhD, Elizabeth Ghogomu, MSc, Alomgir Hossain, PhD, Shally Awasthi, MD, Prof Zulfiqar A Bhutta, MD, Chisa Cumberbatch, MSc, Robert Fletcher, MD, Jessie McGowan, PhD, Shari Krishnaratne, MSc, Elizabeth Kristjansson, PhD, Salim Sohani, MBBS, Shalini Suresh, HBSc, Peter Tugwell, MBBS, Howard White, PhD, George A Wells, PhD The Lancet Global Health Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages e40-e50 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30242-X Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Logic model showing causal pathways The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e40-e50DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30242-X) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Study selection CBA=controlled before-after study. cRCT=cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e40-e50DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30242-X) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Risk of bias graph Review authors' judgments about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. *Unit analysis errors in cluster randomised trials was judged as high risk of bias. The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e40-e50DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30242-X) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Network meta-analysis and pairwise meta-analyses for primary outcomes, showing comparability of pairwise and network meta-analyses, as well as comparability in size of effects for single deworming agents, and combinations with other drugs and agents SMD=standardised mean difference. NMA=network meta-analysis. RR=relative risk. HF=high frequency. *Cluster trial. The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e40-e50DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30242-X) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions