Review of Unit 4: Digestive and Excretory Systems!

Study tool…. Flash cards! Cardiac Sphincter Keeps food in stomach from going into esophagus What are the names/functions of the parts of the digestive system? What different enzymes are at work in the digestive system? What kinds of mechanical digestion are at work? What do Insulin and Glucagon do and how do they do it? Salivary Amylase In mouth, made by salivary glands Starch  Maltose ` Insulin LOWERS blood glucose Stores glucose as glycogen Makes cells take in glucose

The Digestive System Name the structure! What is it’s function?

Review of Chemical Digestion Enzyme What it does What makes it Where it works Starch  maltose Mouth Stomach Fats  glycerol + 3 fatty acids Pancreatic Amylase Proteins  peptides Small Intestine Maltose  Glucose Peptidase

Review of Chemical Digestion – ANSWERS! Enzyme What it does What makes it Where it works Salivary Amylase Starch  maltose Salivary glands Mouth Pepsin Proteins  peptides Stomach Lipase Fats  glycerol + 3 fatty acids Pancreas Small Intestine Pancreatic Amylase Trypsin Maltase Maltose  Glucose Peptidase Peptides  Amino Acids

How Carbohydrates are broken down... Fill in the blanks! Type of Food How it is broken Where it is broken Carbohydrate (Starch) Teeth break it into smaller pieces Mouth Muscles break it into smaller pieces Small Intestine Maltase breaks it into Glucose

How Carbohydrates are broken down... Answers! Type of Food How it is broken Where it is broken Carbohydrate (Starch) Teeth break it into smaller pieces Mouth Salivary Amylase breaks it into maltose Muscles break it into smaller pieces Stomach Pancreatic Amylase breaks it into maltose Small Intestine Maltase breaks maltose it into glucose Enzymes are in bold Types of Mechanical digestion are in RED Types of Chemical digestion are in BLACK

How Proteins are broken down... Fill in the blanks! Type of Food How it is broken Where it is broken Protein Mouth Muscles break it into smaller pieces Stomach Small Intestine Peptidase breaks peptides into amino acids

How Proteins are broken down... Answers! Type of Food How it is broken Where it is broken Protein Teeth break it into smaller pieces Mouth Muscles break it into smaller pieces Stomach Pepsin breaks proteins into peptides (chains of amino acids) Trypsin breaks proteins into peptides (chains of amino acids) Small Intestine Peptidase breaks peptides into amino acids

How Lipids are broken down... Fill in the blanks! Type of Food How it is broken Where it is broken Fat (Lipids) Teeth break it into smaller pieces Stomach Small Intestine

How Lipids are broken down... Answers! Type of Food How it is broken Where it is broken Fat (Lipids) Teeth break it into smaller pieces Mouth Muscles break it into smaller pieces Stomach Bile breaks fat into smaller drops Small Intestine Lipase breaks fats into a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

How to control your blood sugar... If Glucose is HIGH If Glucose is LOW Insulin will go... Glucagon will go... Situations when this could happen: Insulin will go... Glucagon will go... Situations when this could happen:

How to control your blood sugar... Answers! If Glucose is HIGH If Glucose is LOW Insulin will go... UP Glucagon will go... DOWN Situations when this could happen: Just after eating a meal (Any time when you are GETTING glucose from food) Insulin will go... DOWN Glucagon will go... UP Situations when this could happen: When you have not eaten for a while During exercise (Any time when you are USING glucose for energy)

The Urinary System Name the structure! What is it’s function?

Name the part of the nephron! What happens in that part? What does ADH do to the nephron? ADH acts on: ADH makes you: If ADH is high… If ADH is low…

Name the part of the nephron! What happens in that part? What does ADH do to the nephron? ADH acts on: the distal tubule and collecting duct ADH makes you: reabsorb more water into the blood (pee less water out) If ADH is high… less urine produced (more water in the blood) If ADH is low… more urine produced (less water in the blood)