Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Using Two Steganographic Images

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Presentation transcript:

Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Using Two Steganographic Images Chair Professor Chin-Chen Chang Feng Chia University

Data Hiding Hiding system Stego image Cover image 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 Secret message

Cover Carriers Image Video Sound Text

VQ Encoding Index table Original Image Codebook … (120,155,…,80) 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 (90,135,…,120) (100,125,…,150) … Index table Original Image (49,117,…,25) (50,42,…,98) (20,65,…,110) Codebook

Previous Work of Steganography on VQ To find the closest pairs

d(CW0, CW8) > TH d(CW13, CW14) > TH Unused CW0, CW8, CW13, CW14

Encode Index Table CW0, CW8, CW13, CW14 Unused Index Table Original Image Index Table Unused CW0, CW8, CW13, CW14

A secret message: 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Index Table Secret bits CW1, CW2, CW4, CW5 CW6, CW7 CW11, CW3 CW15, CW10 CW12, CW9 1

A secret message: 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Index Table Secret bits CW1, CW2, CW4, CW5 CW6, CW7 CW11, CW3 CW15, CW10 CW12, CW9 1

A secret message: 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Index Table Secret bits

Zhang and Wang’s Method (Embedding) Extracting function: 8 7 9 4 79 54 55 11 20 21 12 24 10 Secret data: 1000 1011… p2 255 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : 10002 1 35 … 11 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Cover image … 9 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 … 7 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 … 6 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 7 10 4 … 4 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 … 2 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Stego image 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 … 255 p1 Magic Matrix

Zhang and Wang’s Method (Extracting) p2 7 10 4 255 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : … 11 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 … 9 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 Stego image … 7 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 … 6 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 … 4 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 … 2 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 1 35 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 p1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 … 255 Extracted secret data: 10002 Magic Matrix Irreversibility

Proposed Method Magic Matrix Restored Image Stego 1 Original Image Embedding Extracting Restored Image Stego 1 Original Image Extracted Secret Secret Stego 2

The Proposed Method (Embedding) 10 9 8 7 9 4 79 54 55 11 20 21 12 24 10 p2 255 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : … Stego 2 11 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … Cover image 10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 … 9 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 … Secret message 10002 1 35 9 6 7 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 … 6 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 … 4 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 … 2 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 Stego 1 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 2 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 p1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 … 255 Magic Matrix

The Proposed Method (Extracting) 10 9 9 6 p2 255 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : … Stego 2 11 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 Stego 1 … 10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 … 9 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 … 7 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 4 8 7 … 6 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 … 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 … 4 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 1 35 10002 Secret message 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 … 2 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 4 … Restored image 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 p1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 … 255 Magic Matrix

Experimental Results (a) Original image (b) Stego 1 (PSNR = 45.1167 dB) (c) Stego 2 (PSNR = 45.1167 dB) (d) Restored image

Experimental Results (cont.) Methods Images Zhang and Wang’s method The proposed method PSNR Capacity (bpp) PSNR (Stego 1) PSNR (Stego 2) Baboon 52.11 1 45.1225 45.1315 Barbara 45.1130 45.1355 Lena 52.12 45.1167 Pepper 45.1122 45.1152 0.9999 Average 45.1161 45.1247 p2 255 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : … 11 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 … 10 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 … 9 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 … 7 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 4 … 6 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 … 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 … 4 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 3 … 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 … 2 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 4 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 … 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 p1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 … 255 Magic Matrix

Conclusions The proposed method embeds two digits into one pixel pair by generating two stego pixel pairs. Generating two stego images achieves the purpose of secret sharing We provide a reversible data hiding scheme with the same embedding capacity and lower visual quality (i.e. PSNR ≈ 45dB) in comparison with the related work.