智慧型電池串之等化控制及充電控制研究 李永勳 王大同 輔仁大學 電機工程學系碩士班 Introduction 李永勳 王大同 輔仁大學 電機工程學系碩士班 註明此篇研究成果的出處(向右對齊)，例如：7th International Heat Transfer Conference, Washington, DC, USA, vol. 2, pp. 221-226, July 1982. Introduction ‧The voltage in one battery cell is inherently low, series battery cells are usually employed for many 　　　practical applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), electric scooters (ES), electric wheelchairs, 　　　electric bike systems, and so on. ‧Cell voltage imbalances are caused by the differences in cell capacities, internal resistance, and the 　　　ambient temperature during charging or discharging. Fig 6:The boundary conditions of CICM and DICM Fig 7:The boundary conditions of CICM and DCVM Table 2: Action compare table ‧Imbalanced cell voltage will cause over charging or deep-discharging, and decrease the total storage capacity and lifetime of the battery. ‧Voltage monitoring, equalization circuits, and battery management systems have been presented to prevent imbalances SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT RESULTS n-1 n-2 Output state and Driving Signal Generator PWM Control Fuzzy Logic Equalization Controller and Microprocessor based Battery Management System Sensor of Battery states BC1 BC2 Q1 Q2 SC1 SC2 C1 VB1 VB2 D1 D2 Fig8：CICM Simulation results of inductor L1 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig9：CICM Simulation results of inductor L2 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig10：DICM Simulation results of inductor L1 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig 1： System configuration of battery strings Fig 2: Principle of capacitor energy transferred battery balancing system THE PROPOSED FULL DUTY ENERGY TRANSFERRING EQUALIZER 5V/div 、1A/div 、25us/div 5V/div 、1A/div 、20us/div ‧We proposed a complete cell voltage balancing is modified from the converter ‧The cell voltages are controlled by the driving pulse width modulation (PWM) signals ‧The cell voltage are balanced by the fuzzy logic equalization controller and a microprocessor Fig11：CICM experimental results of inductor L1 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig12：CICM experimental results of inductor L2 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig13： DICM experimental results of inductor L1 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) P2 THE PROPOSED ZVS SOFT-SWITCHING SYSTEM P6 ‧This technique is easily achieved by setting in the short off interval (dead time) which adding resistance and diode during commutation of the complimentary pair MOSFET Li-Ion Battery Management System (Li-Ion BMS) Sensing of cell voltage DC2 DC1 DC3 DC4 DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4 RS1 RS4 RS2 RS3 RG1 RG2 RD1 RD2 C2 C1 L1 L3 L2 L4 SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 VB1 VB2 VB3 Fig14：DICM simulation results of inductor L2 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig15：DCVM simulation results of capacitor Vc (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig16：DCVM simulation results of sw iT、VT (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig 3: Principle of capacitor energy transferred battery balancing system 5V/div 、1A/div 、25us/div 5V/div 、1A/div 、20us/div 5V/div 、1A/div 、20us/div Fig17： DICM experimental results of inductor L2 (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig18： DCVM experimental results of capacitor Vc (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) Fig19：DCVM experimental results of sw iT、VT (VB1>VB2>VB3 ) DESIGN OF FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER ‧The FLC consists of the (1)fuzzy rule base (2)inference engine (3)fuzzification and (4)defuzzification ‧We use fuzzy rule base to describe the knowledge and experience of the battery equalization P7 P3 Fig 20:Simulation results for VB1>VB2 >VB3 Fig 21：Without FLC-BEC VB1>VB2 >VB3 Fig22With FLC-BEC for VB1>VB2 >VB3 CONCLUSION ‧The equalizer operation in full duty cycle, so the efficient and equalizing time of the proposed battery equalization system is improved. ‧The ZVS soft-switching is really reduced power loss about 30%. ‧ The proposed FLC-BEC is not only used to maintain the equalizing process operation in safe region but also reduced the equalizing period about 16%. Fig 4:Basic definition diagram of the FLC Table 1: Control rule base of the FLC-BEC for linguistic variable Fig 5: IBEC with respect to Vd and VB