Chapter 15. Connecting Devices

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 15. Connecting Devices Backbone networks Virtual LANs Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Connecting Devices number of ports layer repeater 2 1 hub n bridge L2 switch router or L3 switch 3 Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Repeater A repeater connects segments of a LAN A repeater forwards every frame; it has no filtering capability The repeater is a two-port device Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Function of a Repeater A repeater connects segments of a LAN A repeater is a regenerator, not an amplifier A repeater forwards every frame; it has no filtering capability. Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Hubs A hub is a multiport repeater It is normally used to create connections between stations in a star topology Hubs can also be used to create multiple levels of hierarchy Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Repeaters/Hubs Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Bridges A bridge has a table used in filtering decisions A bridge does not change the physical (MAC) address in a frame Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Bridges Transparent bridges A bridge in which the stations are completely unaware of the bridge’s existence Three criteria for a transparent bridge Frames must forward from one station to another The forwarding table is automatically made by learning frame movements in the network Loops in the system must be prevented Source routing bridges A sending station defines the bridges that the frame must visit Not very common today Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Transparent Bridges: Learning Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Transparent Bridges: Loop Problem Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Transparent Bridges: Spanning Tree Spanning tree is a graph in which there is no loop To solve the looping problem, IEEE spec requires that bridges use the spanning tree algorithm Select the root bridge The one with the smallest ID Select the root port of each bridge The port with the least-cost path from the bridge to the root bridge Choose a designated port for each LAN The bridge with the least-cost path from the LAN to the root bridge The corresponding port is the designated port Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Spanning Tree Algorithm: Example ★ root port ★★ designated port Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Layer 2 (Two-layer) Switch Layer 2 switch is an N-port bridge Ethernet switch or LAN switch Switched Ethernet (←) Full-duplex switched Ethernet (↓) Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switch Layer 2 Switching Switching based on MAC destination address Builds switching table by “learning” host addresses from source addresses of incoming packets Unknown destination addresses are flooded out other ports Broadcast frames are flooded out other ports Routing Switching based on IP (network layer) destination address. Builds routing table by neighbor routers using routing protocols Unknown IP packets are discarded Broadcast frames are discarded Layer 3 switching Hardware-based routing Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Broadcast and Collision Domains Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU

Communication Networks, KWU LAN Segmentation Spring 2010 Communication Networks, KWU