Electronic Circuits-1(CNET-112) Level 4th Department of CNET College of CS & IS Jazan University KSA

CHAPTER 1 Electrical Circuit Analysis Objectives In this Chapter, we will learn the following topics:- The basic introduction of Electrical and Electronics. Definitions - Current, Voltage and Resistance Color Coding of Resistor Ohm’s Law, Series and Parallel Circuits. Capacitor and Inductor Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Law Numerical Examples

What is Electronic Electronics is the branch of science that deals with the study of flow and control of electrons (electricity) and the study of their behavior and effects in vacuums, gases, and semiconductors, and with devices using such electrons.

What is Electrical The branch of engineering that deals with the technology of electricity, especially the design and application of circuitry and equipment for power generation and distribution, machine control and communications.

Electric Current An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. Unit:- Ampere (A)

Voltage Voltage is the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. The voltage between two points is equal to the work done per unit of charge against a static electric field to move the charge between two points and is measured in units of volts (a joule per coulomb). Unit:- Volts(V)

Resistance A resistor is a passive two terminal electrical components. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to limit current flow, to adjust signal levels, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines  among other uses. UNIT:- ohm (Ω) Symbol:-

Effect of Resistance on Electrons

Colour Coding of Resistor

Ohm’s Law Ohm's law states that the voltage (V) across a resistor is proportional to the current (I), where the constant of proportionality is the resistance (R). V=I x R 11

Ohm’s Law Video

Series and Parallel Circuits A. Series Circuits The total resistance of resistors connected in series is the sum of their individual resistance values. Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 In series Current remain same in all components but voltage differ.

Series Circuits

In parallel voltage remain same in all components but current differ. B. Parallel Circuits The total resistance of resistors connected in parallel is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistors. 1/ Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 In parallel voltage remain same in all components but current differ.

Parallel Circuit

Capacitor(C) Capacitor is an electronic component that stores electric charge. The capacitor is made of 2 close conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a dielectric material. The capacitance is the amount of electric charge that is stored in the capacitor at voltage of 1 Volt. UNIT:- Faraday(F) Symbol:-

Inductor(L) An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component which resists changes in electric current passing through it. It consists of a conductor such as a wire, usually wound into a coil. Energy is stored in a magnetic field in the coil as long as current flows. UNIT:- Henry(H) Symbol:-

kirchhoff's laws 1. KVL ( Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law ) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law or KVL, states that “in any closed loop network, the total voltage around the loop is equal to the sum of all the voltage drops within the same loop” which is also equal to zero. In other words the algebraic sum of all voltages within the loop must be equal to zero. This idea by Kirchhoff is known as the Conservation of Energy.

2. KCL ( Kirchhoff’s Current Law) “Total current or charge entering a junction or node is exactly equal to the charge leaving the node as it has no other place to go except to leave, as no charge is lost within the node“. In other words the algebraic sum of ALL the currents entering and leaving a node must be equal to zero, I(exiting) + I(entering) = 0. This idea by Kirchhoff is commonly known as the Conservation of Charge.

Numerical Examples

Numerical Examples

Numerical Examples

Numerical Examples

References 1. Current & Voltage 5. Capacitor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHXZ9Q5EIXk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnBRFXgaTMo 2. Resistor   6. Inductor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc1wVdbVI0E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgwXkUt3XxQ 3. Series and Parallel 7. KVL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8a8cXTYAp0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjNwqX-DB2w 4. Colour Coding of Resistor 8. KCL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvQBhXo_tF0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaxkRRWtvpw

QUERIES