The Minister’s Black Veil A Parable by Nathaniel Hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 – 1864 Born in Salem, Massachusetts Descended from a prominent Puritan family Believed that evil was a dominant force in the world. His fiction expresses a gloomy vision of human affairs.

Inherited Guilt One of Hawthorne’s ancestors was a Puritan judge who played a key role in the Salem witchcraft trials. Another ancestor was a judge known for his persecution of Quakers. Both Hawthorne’s character and focus as a writer were shaped by a sense of inherited guilt. He was haunted by the intolerance and cruelty of ancestors. He was not a Puritan and was born 112 years after the Salem witchcraft trials.

Nathaniel Hawthorne Master of symbolism and allegory He wrote throughout his life. After graduating from Maine’s Bowdoin College in 1825, he wrote a novel, Fanshawe. Soon after the book’s anonymous publication in 1828, he was seized by shame and abruptly burned most available copies of his book.

Nathaniel Hawthorne During the nine years that followed, he honed his writing skills working in a room he called “the dismal chamber.” This resulted in a collection of stories entitled Twice Told Tales published in 1837. Although the book sold poorly, it established him as a respected writer. Gave him sufficient resources and encouragement to continue his writing.

Nathaniel Hawthorne In 1850, he published his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter, a powerful novel about sin and guilt among early Puritans. This book was extremely successful. Earned him international fame He soon wrote two more novels, The House of the Seven Gables (1851) and The Blithedale Romance (1852).

Nathaniel Hawthorne When his friend Franklin Pierce became president, Hawthorne was named American consul at Liverpool, England. He spent several years in England and traveled through Italy before returning to Massachusetts. Used his Italian experiences in the novel Marble Faun (1860). Hawthorne died four years later. He left four unfinished novels among his belongings.

The Minister’s Black Veil: A Parable Parable: a simple, usually brief , story that teaches a moral lesson. A type of Allegory which is a story with both a literal and a symbolic meaning. In subtitling this story “A Parable,” Hawthorne indicates that the moral lesson it conveys is important.

Connecting Literary Elements The veil that Mr. Hooper vows never to remove is a symbol – something that has meaning in itself while also standing for something greater. To understand the message expressed, analyze veil’s symbolic meaning. Revealed through responses of parishioners Revealed in minister’s own deathbed explanation.

The Minister’s Black Veil summary

It’s Sunday before church services of a Puritan Church. Everybody seems to be happy. Parson Hooper comes to church with a black veil on his face.

The veil makes the congregation nervous—like he can see all their sins from behind the veil. The veil makes them listen to every word of the sermon. The congregation tries to come up with reasons why he’s wearing the veil. No one asks directly about the veil because they’re afraid it has to do with them and their sins.

His fiancé asks about the veil and he tells her he can’t ever take it off, as a vow to God. His fiancé leaves him.

He becomes a powerful preacher. The congregation thinks he’s wearing the veil because he either committed a great crime or he could see ghosts and wore the veil to block them out. As Father Hooper is dying, Reverend Clark tries to remove the veil and Father Hooper won’t let him.

Reading Strategy Draw inferences about meaning. When message of work of fiction is conveyed indirectly through symbols, the reader must draw inferences, or conclusions. Look closely at details, especially descriptions and dialogue.

Inference Drawing inferences is a way of interpreting a character’s behavior, statements, or an author’s message. Description Dialogue: “He has changed himself into something awful, only by hiding his face.” Inference: Villagers are frightened by the veil.

Connecting to the Literature A secret, when kept too long can take on a mysterious significance. It can cause people to fill in the missing story and draw their own untrue conclusions. In “The Minister’s Black Veil,” a Puritan parson keeps a secret from an entire village for his whole life.