Fluid Drainage and Air Evacuation Characteristics of Blake and Conventional Drains Used After Pulmonary Resection Noriaki Sakakura, MD, Takayuki Fukui,

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Fluid Drainage and Air Evacuation Characteristics of Blake and Conventional Drains Used After Pulmonary Resection Noriaki Sakakura, MD, Takayuki Fukui, MD, Shoichi Mori, MD, Shunzo Hatooka, MD, Kohei Yokoi, MD, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 87, Issue 5, Pages 1539-1545 (May 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.013 Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 (Left) Features of the 19F Blake drain and cross-specific section profiles: AB, four longitudinal grooves; BC, transition portion; and CD, 19F single lumen. (Right) Position of the Blake drain used in this study. Arrowhead indicates the insertion site. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 87, 1539-1545DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.013) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Experimental evaluation of air evacuation characteristics of chest tubes. When a given quantity of air is delivered intermittently by the respirator at a given velocity, the required pressure is displayed as the internal airway pressure on the respirator monitor. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 87, 1539-1545DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.013) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Fluid drainage characteristics in the water-sealed Blake drain (WS-BD), Blake drain with suction (SUC-BD), and conventional drain (CD) groups. Each column indicates the fluid drainage rate (mean ± standard deviation) for the day indicated, defined as daily drainage divided by total drainage × 100 (%). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 87, 1539-1545DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.013) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Chest radiographs of patients with insufficient air evacuation. (A) Left tension pneumothorax. (B) Bronchopleural fistula with marked subcutaneous emphysema. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 87, 1539-1545DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.013) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Air evacuation performance of different chest tubes. The curves indicate the evacuation pressure required to expel 100 mL air through the tubes during the times indicated. (BD = Blake drain; CD = conventional drain.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 87, 1539-1545DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.02.013) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions