Economic Geography

Economic Activities Primary: Secondary: Uses natural resources directly Usually located at the site of natural resources Secondary: Manufacturing Usually located close to the resource or close to market

Economic Activities Tertiary: Quaternary: Services Located near the customer Quaternary: Process and distribute information Located anywhere

Economic Systems Subsistence Economy: Also called Traditional economy Good made for personal use, little surplus, or exchange of goods Usually found in rural or poor areas

Economic Systems Market Economy: Specialization of production free enterprise – competition in market drives price and production capitalism – businesses, industries, resources privately owned Located in the United States and Western Nations

Economic Systems Command Economy: Govt. determines production and price Communist system – Govt. controls means of production Located in Soviet Union 1917 – 1991; Today – Cuba, North Korea

Developed v. Developing Countries Good infrastructure*, global market economies U.S., Canada, most of Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand Developing Poor infrastructure*, local market and subsistence economies Africa, some of Asia, some of Latin America

Political Geography National Boundaries Natural Boundaries Mountains, rivers, etc. Cultural Boundaries Border based on cultural traits Ireland/Northern Ireland Geometric Boundaries Straight lines U.S./ Canada

Political Geography International Cooperation Political and military cooperation United Nations (U.N.) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Political Geography Economic cooperation World Trade Organization European Union North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)