Background Prepared by: Mr. Mahmoud Rafeek Alfarra

Outline Traditional File-based System Limitations of the File-based System Important definitions Database management system Components of the Database Environment Evolution of DB Systems

Traditional File-based System File based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end- users. Each program defines and manages its own data.

Limitations of the File-based System Separation and isolation of data. Duplication of data. Data dependence. Incompatibility of files. Fixed quires of application programs.

Important definitions Database: organized collection of logically related data. Data: stored representations of meaningful objects and events Structured: numbers, text, dates Unstructured: images, video, documents

Important definitions Information: data processed to increase knowledge in the person using the data. Metadata (data dictionary, system catalog): data that describes the properties and context of user data.

Database management system A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases. DBMS manages data resources like an operating system manages hardware resources

Workgroup database with local area network

Workgroup database with local area network

Components of the Database Environment CASE Tools – computer-aided software engineering Repository – centralized storehouse of metadata DBMS – software for managing the database Database – storehouse of the data Application Programs – software using the data HW1: Represent the components of DB envi. Using meaningful Drawing.

Components of the Database Environment User Interface – text and graphical displays to users Data Administrators – personnel responsible for maintaining the database System Developers – personnel responsible for designing databases and software End Users – people who use the applications and databases

Components of the Database Environment

Evolution of DB Systems Flat files - 1960s - 1980s Hierarchical – 1970s - 1990s Network – 1970s - 1990s Relational – 1980s - present Object-oriented – 1990s - present Object-relational – 1990s - present Data warehousing – 1980s - present Web-enabled – 1990s - present

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