Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 2

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Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 2 The Home Front Chapter 25.4 Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 2

Opportunity & Adjustment Economic Gains Defense industries boom, unemployment falls to 1.2% in 1944 average pay rises 10% during war Farmers prosper from rising crop prices, increase in production many pay off mortgages Percentage of women in work force rises to 35%

Opportunity & Adjustment Population Shifts War triggers mass migrations to towns with defense industries Social Adjustments Many couples rush to marry before husband goes overseas 1944 GI Bill of Rights or Serviceman’s Readjustment Act: pays education; loan guarantees for homes, new business

Discrimination & Reaction Civil Rights Protests Racial tensions rise in overcrowded Northern cities James Farmer founds Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 1943 racial violence sweeps across country; Detroit riots worst case Tension in Los Angeles Anti-Mexican zoot suit riots involve thousands servicemen, civilians

Internment of Japanese Americans Japanese Americans in Internment Camps Hawaii governor forced to order internment (confinement) of Japanese 1942 FDR signs removal of Japanese Americans in four states U.S. Army forces 110,000 Japanese Americans into prison camps 1944 Korematsu v. United States – Court rules in favor of internment After war, Japanese American Citizens League pushes for compensation 1988, Congress grants $20,000 to everyone sent to relocation camp

Arizona Relocation Camps Arizona Camps 2 of the 10 camps in Arizona Gila River Relocation Center – near Sacaton Colorado River Camp – near Poston 30,000 Japanese Americans confined in these two camps Wooden barracks, mess hall, recreation hall, and combination washroom-toilet-laundry building Furniture made from scrap lumber and old crates Discrimination in Arizona was very prevalent

Arizona Prisoner of War Camps German and Italian Prisoners 2 prisoner of war camps in Arizona Papago POW Camp – east Phoenix Yuma POW Camp – Yuma – smaller large Italian POW colony near Florence Escapes Many escapes from Papago Camp “Great Escape”, Christmas 1944 25 men escape in tunnel – 20 feet deep, 180 feet long All recaptured and returned to camp

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