Novel FGFR1 mutations in Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: evidence for the involvement of an alternatively spliced.

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Novel FGFR1 mutations in Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: evidence for the involvement of an alternatively spliced isoform  Catarina Gonçalves, M.Sc., Margarida Bastos, M.D., Duarte Pignatelli, M.D., Ph.D., Teresa Borges, M.D., José M. Aragüés, M.D., Fernando Fonseca, M.D., Bernardo D. Pereira, M.D., Sílvia Socorro, Ph.D., Manuel C. Lemos, M.D., Ph.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 104, Issue 5, Pages 1261-1267.e1 (November 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1142 Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Identification of FGFR1 mutations in affected families. (A) Pedigrees of affected families and mutation nomenclature at the nucleotide and protein level. Filled symbols represent patients with Kallmann syndrome (family 3, 5, and 6) or normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (family 1, 2, and 4); open symbols represent unaffected individuals; open symbols with black dot represent unaffected carriers of the mutation; open symbols with question mark represent untested individuals; squares denote men; circles denote women; and oblique lines through symbols represent deceased individuals. (B) DNA sequence analysis of normal individuals (above) and patients (below). The positions of the mutations are indicated by asterisks. All patients were heterozygous for the mutated nucleotides. In the case of frameshift mutations (families 2 and 5), only the cloned mutated allele is represented. (C) Confirmation of mutations by agarose gel electrophoresis of restriction enzyme-digested fragments (BsrI, PflMI, MspI, AccI, AseI, and BstUI). Lanes correspond to family members represented in (A) and normal controls (C). Fertility and Sterility 2015 104, 1261-1267.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1142) Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Supplemental Figure 1 Mapping of the S96C and M719V FGFR1 missense mutations onto the crystal structures of the FGFR1-IIIc protein. (A) The mutated S96 residue (red) is mapped on the immunoglobulin-like domain 1 (D1) solution structure (Protein Data Bank ID: 2CR3). D1 is colored in green. The S96 residue points into the hydrophobic nucleus of D1, establishing links with the hydrophobic residues (V116, L51, Y99) and contributing to the tertiary fold of this domain. (B) The mutated M719 residue (red) is mapped on the FGFR1 kinase domain (Protein Data Bank ID: 3GQI). The amino-terminal (NT) lobe is in pink. The kinase hinge region is in grey; the activation loop is in yellow; and the carboxy-terminal (CT) lobe is in green. The M719 residue maps to the loop region connecting helices αH and αG, keeping contacts with hydrophobic amino acids from helices αH and αF (M733, W691, V688, W737, M719, Y730). Fertility and Sterility 2015 104, 1261-1267.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1142) Copyright © 2015 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions