A Healthy Animal has... Clear bright eyes with pink membranes around the eyes. An appearance of contentment. An alert attitude and interest in surroundings. A good appetite. A sleek, shiny coat with hair that is pliable, not dry and brittle. Feces and urine that are easily passed and normal in appearance. Temperature, pulse, and respiration in normal range. Clinical Exams TM

Average TPR’s Normal Temperature ˚F Pulse Beats/min. Respiration   Normal Temperature ˚F Pulse Beats/min. Respiration Breaths/min. Cat 101.5 110-130 20-30 Cattle 101.0 60-70 10-30 Chicken 107.0 200-400 15-30 Dog 102.0 70-120 Goat 102.5 40-60 12-20 Horse 100.0 30-60 8-16 Rabbit 103.0 123-304 30-45 Sheep 60-90 Snake room temp 12 1-2 Clinical Exams TM

Temperature Variations in temperature occur due to: Procedure Infection/disease Excitement/stress Environment Procedure Wipe the thermometer with alcohol and shake it down until the mercury is below 98 degrees. Lubricate the tip with petroleum jelly. Gently insert the thermometer into the rectum and hold it securely in place for three minutes. Remove the thermometer and wipe with a paper towel. Slowly rotate the thermometer until the mercury is visible, and take a reading. Clinical Exams TM

Dog/Cat Pulse Clinical Exams TM

Horse/Cow Pulse Clinical Exams TM

Pulse Variations may occur due to: Procedure Anxiety Exercise Pain Disease Shock species Procedure Using your index and middle fingers, gently roll them over the artery feeling for the pulse. Count the number of pulses in 15 seconds. Multiple the number of pulses in 15 seconds by 4 to get beats/minute. Clinical Exams TM

Respiration Respiration is evaluated by looking at three parameters. Rate of respiration Depth – degree of chest effort needed to take a breath (deep, shallow) Character (slow, rapid, normal) Procedure Observe the rise and fall of the chest, Count the number of breaths for 15 seconds. Multiple the number of respiration in 15 seconds by 4 to get breaths/minute. Clinical Exams TM

12 Areas to Examine General Appearance - Healthy overall, eyes bright, coat shiny, too fat or too thin? Integumentary (skin)- Coat shiny/full, or dull/brittle? Bald patches, rashes, or flaking skin? Muscoskeletal - History of lameness or visible lameness? Broken bones? Circulatory - Coughing, fainting, dyspnea, or heart murmurs? Respiratory - Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, exercise intolerance, or cyanosis? Digestive - Eating normally? Diet changes? Toxin (rat poison, antifreeze) ingested? Vomiting or diarrhea? Genitourinary - Abnormal discharge, smell, or color ? Swelling, inability or difficulty in urinating and defecating? Nervous system - Seizures, behavior changes, head tilt, difficulty walking? Lymph nodes – Swollen? Ears - Discharge, unusual odor, or head shaking? Eyes - Excessive tearing or discharge? Visual difficulties? Mouth - Gums and teeth healthy, moist, pink mucous membranes? Very red, cyanotic, or pale membranes are abnormal. Clinical Exams TM