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EFFECT OF RACE, GENDER AND BODY POSITION ON THE PREVALENCE AND TYPE OF DYSSYNERGIC DEFECATION Askin Erdogan, Kulthep Rattanakovit, Yeong Yeh Lee, Siegfried.

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Figure 6 Injection of mesenchymal stem cells in perianal fistulas

An Update on Anorectal Disorders for Gastroenterologists

Figure 5 Lipid droplet consumption

Figure 4 Simple perianal fistula

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Figure 1 Worldwide incidence of CCA

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Figure 2 Global epidemiology of common Clostridium difficile ribotypes

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Figure 1 Biosimilar development process

Figure 2 Effect of PPIs on gastric physiology

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Figure 4 Giant lipid droplet formation

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Figure 1 Suggested biopsy-avoiding diagnostic pathway for coeliac disease Figure 1 | Suggested biopsy-avoiding diagnostic pathway for coeliac disease.

Figure 6 Combination therapy for HCC

Figure 2 Modelling the effect of HCV treatment on reinfection in people who inject drugs Figure 2 | Modelling the effect of HCV treatment on reinfection.

Figure 1 Definition and concept of ACLF

Figure 5 Complex perianal fistula

Figure 2 Switching of biologic agents and biosimilars

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Figure 3 High-resolution manometry of achalasia subtypes

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Figure 3 Example wireless motility recording

Figure 2 Key metrics of pressure topography (Clouse)

to the liver and promote patient-derived xenograft tumour growth

Figure 7 Example colonic high-resolution manometry

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Figure 1 Environmental factors contributing to IBD pathogenesis

Figure 4 Example plots of high-resolution gastroduodenal manometry

Figure 4 Examples of reflux episodes on pH and pH-impedance monitoring

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Figure 3 Clinical algorithms in the management of NASH and diabetes mellitus Figure 3 | Clinical algorithms in the management of NASH and diabetes mellitus.

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Figure 2 Metrics from oesophageal high-resolution

Figure 6 Possible therapeutic targets to decrease hepatic steatosis

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Figure 5 High-resolution manometry studies performed

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Figure 3 Examples of gene expression heterogeneity

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Figure 8 Assessment of colonic tone using a barostat device

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Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.53 Figure 1 Four main subtypes of dyssynergic defecation can be observed by anorectal manometry Figure 1 | Four main subtypes of dyssynergic defecation can be observed by anorectal manometry. Type I: adequate rectal push effort with paradoxical anal sphincter contraction. Type II: inadequate rectal push effort with paradoxical anal sphincter contraction. Type III: adequate rectal push effort but inadequate relaxation (<20%) of anal sphincter pressure. Type IV: inadequate rectal push effort and also inadequate relaxation (<20%) of anal sphincter pressure. Rao, S. S. C. et al. (2016) Diagnosis and management of chronic constipation in adults Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.53