Conservation of Momentum

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Presentation transcript:

Conservation of Momentum Physics Mrs. Coyle http://college.usc.edu/labs/physicsdemolab/mechanics/images/m8_5a.jpg

Conservation of Momentum

Conservation on Momentum In the absence of an external force the momentum of a closed system is conserved.

Law of Conservation of Momentum In a closed system, the vector sum of the momenta before and after an impact must be equal. Before After m1v1 +m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’

Closed System: A system that has no gain nor loss of mass.

Isolated System: A closed system with no net external force acting on it.

Internal and External Forces Internal Forces: act between objects within a system. External Forces: are exerted by objects outside the system.

A stationary firecracker explodes A stationary firecracker explodes. What is the total momentum of the pieces that it breaks into? Question Coyle ,4th of July 2009, Hudson River

Example: Recoiling Cannon

Example 1: Recoiling Cannon A cannon of mass 750kg shoots a cannon ball of mass 30kg with a velocity of 20m/s. Find the recoil velocity of the cannon. m1v1 +m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’ Answer: -0.8m/s

Collisions Elastic (Kinetic Energy is conserved) Inelastic (Kinetic Energy is not conserved) Deformed objects Objects stick together Note: Momentum is conserved in both types of collisions.

Example 2: Inelastic Collision A bullet of mass 0.010kg is shot at a speed of 30m/s towards a 5kg stationary block. The bullet becomes embedded in the block an the two fly off together. Find the speed with which they fly off. Answer: 0.06m/s

Problem 3 A 45 kg student is riding on a 7kg scateboard with a velocity of +4m/s. The student jumps of the cart with a velocity of -1m/s. Find the velocity of the scateboard after the student jumped off. Answer: +36m/s