Keratinocyte-Releasable Stratifin Functions as a Potent Collagenase-Stimulating Factor in Fibroblasts Aziz Ghahary, Feridoun Karimi-Busheri, Yvonne Marcoux,

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Keratinocyte-Releasable Stratifin Functions as a Potent Collagenase-Stimulating Factor in Fibroblasts Aziz Ghahary, Feridoun Karimi-Busheri, Yvonne Marcoux, Yunyaun Li, Edward E. Tredget, Liang Li, Jing Zheng, Ali Karami, Bernd O. Keller, Michael Weinfeld Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 122, Issue 5, Pages 1188-1197 (May 2004) DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22519.x Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Efficacy of keratinocyte-derived conditioned medium on the expression of collagenase in dermal fibroblasts.Panel A shows the expression of collagenase mRNA in keratinocyte co-cultured with fibroblasts (lane K), fibroblasts co-cultured with either keratinocytes (F/K) or fibroblasts (lane F). To further confirm this finding, a keratinocyte/fibroblast collagen-GAG gel was prepared. Fibroblasts (F/K) and keratinocytes (K) grown in this system as well as fibroblasts co-cultured with fibroblasts (F/F) were separately isolated and evaluated for collagenase mRNA expression by northern analysis (Panel B). Panel C, collagenase activity in conditioned medium obtained either from keratinocytes alone (K), fibroblasts alone (F), or keratinocyte/fibroblast (K/F) co-culture was evaluated in triplicate using type I collagen as a substrate. Type I collagen with no treatment (collagen) was included as a control. Note that only conditioned medium derived from keratinocytes was able to break down markedly type I collagen to its one-quarter and three-quarter fragments of the α (α1 and α2) and β (β1.1 and β1.2) chains of type I collagen. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1188-1197DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22519.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Dose- and time-dependent collagenase stimulatory effect of KCM on dermal fibroblasts.Panel A, dermal fibroblasts were treated with various volumes of KCM (expressed as a percentage of total volume of KCM added) for 24 h. Total RNA was then extracted and subjected to dot blot analysis. The blots were initially hybridized with collagenase cDNA and subsequently with a cDNA specific for 18S ribosomal RNA used as a control for RNA loading. Panel B, dermal fibroblasts were treated with KCM for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Total RNA was then extracted and subjected to Northern analysis using collagenase cDNA and 18S ribosomal RNA cDNA as the probes. Panel C shows the expression of collagenase mRNA in fibroblasts grown in KCM collected at indicated time points. Prior to collecting KCM for KDAF purification, KSFM supplemented with EGF and pituitary extract was exchanged with our test medium consisting of 49% DMEM, 49% KSFM, and 2% FBS with no additives. The conditioned medium was then collected every 48 h thereafter up to 24 d and tested for a collagenase stimulatory effect on fibroblasts by dot blot analysis using 18S ribosomal RNA as loading control. To correct for RNA loading, the expression of collagenase and 18S was determined by densitometry and the ratio of collagenase mRNA/18S ribosomal RNA was calculated and depicted in Panel C, right panel. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1188-1197DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22519.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Identification of KDAF by a sequential chromatography. Proteins in the media collected from KCM every 48 h over a 24-d period were precipitated by 65% ammonium sulfate and subjected to a three-stage chromatographic purification. Panel A shows the effects of 22 chromatography eluted samples (sample index) on the expression of collagenase mRNA (upper panel) and 18S ribosomal RNA (middle panel) in dermal fibroblasts. Cells treated with keratinocyte conditioned (KCM) and non-conditioned medium (NCM) were also included and served as positive and negative controls. Panel B shows the protein patterns of active fractions 13–16 determined by their collagenase activities (Panel A) analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In this panel, protein marker and column fractions containing candidate KDAF protein bands with 30 and 50 kDa are indicated (arrows on the right). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1188-1197DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22519.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Cloning, expression, and purification of stratifin. The cDNA for keratinocyte-derived stratifin was prepared from total RNA extracted from human keratinocytes, expressed in E. coli and affinity purified as described in Experimental Procedures. Panel A shows the pre-stained protein marker (lane M), pattern of total protein expressed by GST-stratifin transformed BL-21-DE3 bacteria (lane 1), extraction of GST-stratifin expressed in BL-21-DE3 cells (lane 2), affinity purified GST-stratifin fusion protein (lane 3), and recombinant purified stratifin (lane 4). Panel B shows the efficacy of either no treatment (C), 49% KCM (lane KCM) or various concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3 μg per mL, lanes 1–6, respectively) of purified stratifin protein on the expression of collagenase mRNA in dermal fibroblasts evaluated by northern analysis. Panel C, collagenase activity in conditioned medium obtained from stratifin treated (lane S) or untreated (lane U) fibroblasts was evaluated according to the procedure described in the Experimental Procedures using type I collagen as a substrate. Type I collagen with no treatment (C) was also included as a negative control. Note that conditioned medium derived from stratifin-treated fibroblasts completely breaks down type I collagen to its three-quarter fragments of the α (α1 and α2) and β (β1.1 and β1.2) chains of type I collagen. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 1188-1197DOI: (10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22519.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions