Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Mania: Neurobiology of Symptoms and Treatments  Ann M. Collins, PhD, PMHNP-BC  The Journal for Nurse Practitioners  Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 16-21 (January 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.10.008 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure The prefrontal cortex exerts “top-down” regulation of attention and behavior. Note: The prefrontal cortex regulates attention and behavior. The prefrontal cortex inhibits processing of distracting stimuli and enhances processing of relevant stimuli through extensive projections to the sensory cortices. The right inferior prefrontal cortex is especially important for inhibiting inappropriate responses. These inhibitory abilities likely involve projections to the premotor and motor cortices, and subcortical structures such as the striatum and subthalamic nucleus, and celebellar cortices by way of the pontine nuclei. These extensive projections allow the prefrontal cortex to orchestrate behavior and attention in a thoughtful manner. Reprinted with permission from Arnsten et al.10 The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 2014 10, 16-21DOI: (10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.10.008) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions