The Age of Things: Sticks, Stones and the Universe Meteorites and the Age of the Solar System

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Presentation transcript:

The Age of Things: Sticks, Stones and the Universe Meteorites and the Age of the Solar System

March 26, 2003 The Park Forest Meteorite Images from Simon et al Meteoritics and Planetary Science Vol 39 (2004)

Different Types of Meteorites Iron Stony

Different Types of Stony Meteorites Achondrite Chondrite

WARNING! Astrophysicist talking about Meteorites!

R R= Current amount of Radioactive Nuclei Original amount of Radioactive Nuclei

Potassium 40 Argon 40 electron neutrino Potassium 40 Calcium 40 electron neutrino Potassium-Argon System 90% 10% ProtonNeutron

Potassium-40Argon-40Calcium-40 Potassium 40 Calcium-40 The Original Rock The Rock Today

R R= Current amount of Potassium-40 Original amount of Potassium-40 Half-Life of Potassium-40 is1.25 billion years

Potassium-40 Argon-40 Calcium-40 Potassium-40 decay in molten rock

Potassium-40 Argon-40 Calcium-40 Potassium-40 decay in solid rock

Carbon 14Nitrogen 14 electron neutrino Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 electron neutrino Rubidium-Strontium System ProtonNeutron Half-life = 49 Billion Years Half-Life = 5700 Years

Rubidium-Strontium Dating Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 Mineral 1 Today

Rubidium-Strontium Dating Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 Mineral 1 Today Originally

Rubidium-Strontium Dating Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 Mineral 1 Today Originally

Strontium-86 Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 Mineral 1 Mineral 2

Strontium-86Strontium-87 Mineral 1 Mineral 2

Rubidium-Strontium Dating Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 Strontium-86 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Today

Rubidium-Strontium Dating Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 Strontium-86 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Today 7 billion years ago

Rubidium-Strontium Dating Rubidium-87 Strontium-87 Strontium-86 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Today 3 billion years ago

Rubidium-Strontium Isochron Plots

Strontium-87/Strontium-86 Rubidium-87/Strontium-86 From McSween 2000 Meteorites and Their Parent Planets Rubidium-Strontium Ages

Different Types of Stony Meteorites Achondrite Chondrite

Dust and Gas Chondrules, etc. Condensation, Melting, Evaporation Aggregation Chondritic Objects Melting, Differentiation Achondritic Objects Planets Aggregation Fragmentation Chondrite Achondrite Iron Meteoroids

Carbon 14Nitrogen 14 electron neutrino Aluminum-26 System ProtonNeutron Half-Life = 5700 Years Aluminum-26Magnesium-26 positron neutrino Half-Life = 700,000 Years

Magnesium-24 Aluminum-27 Magnesium-26 Aluminum-26

Magnesium-24 Aluminum-27 Magnesium-26 Aluminum-26

Magnesium-24 Aluminum-27 Magnesium-26 Aluminum-26

Magnesium-24Aluminum-27Magnesium-26

Magnesium-24Aluminum-27Magnesium-26

Aluminum-26 Dating Aluminum-27Magnesium-26Magnesium-24 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Today Aluminum-26

Aluminum-26 Dating Aluminum-27Magnesium-26Magnesium-24 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Today Originally Aluminum-26

Aluminum-26 Isochron Plot Aluminum-27/ Magnesium-24 Magnesium-26/ Magnesium-24

Aluminum-26 Isochron Plot Aluminum-27/ Magnesium-24 Magnesium-26/ Magnesium-24

Aluminum-26 Isochron Plot Aluminum-27/ Magnesium-24 Magnesium-26/ Magnesium-24

Aluminum-27/ Magnesium-24 Magnesium-26/ Magnesium-24 From Hutcheon 1982 in Nuclear and Chemical Dating Techniques More Aluminum-26 Aluminum-26 Achondrite Chondrule Relative Dating from Aluminum-26

Aluminum-27/ Magnesium-24 Magnesium-26/ Magnesium-24 From Hutcheon 1982 in Nuclear and Chemical Dating Techniques Aluminum-26 Achondrite Chondrule CAI Relative Dating from Aluminum-26 More Aluminum-26 Chondrule Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusion

Aluminum-27/ Magnesium-24 Magnesium-26/ Magnesium-24 From Hutcheon 1982 in Nuclear and Chemical Dating Techniques Millions of Years Aluminum-26 Achondrite Chondrule CAI Relative Dating from Aluminum-26 Chondrule Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusion

Uranium-Lead System Uranium-235 Thorium-231 Protactinium-231 Actinium-227 Thorium-227 Radium-223 Radon-219 Polonium-215 Lead-211 Bismuth-211 Polonium-211 Thallium-207 Lead-207 Uranium-238 Thorium-234 Protactinium-234 Uranium-234 Thorium-230 Radium-226 Radon-222 Polonium-218 Lead-214 Bismuth-214 Polonium-214 Thallium-210 Lead-210 Bismuth-210 Polonium-210 Lead-206 Half-Life = 700 Million Years Half-Life = 4.5 Billion Years

Lead 204 Uranium-235 Lead 207 Uranium-238 Lead 206

Lead-Lead Isochron Plot

Lead 204/Lead 206 Lead 207/Lead 206 From Amelin et al 2002 Science 297 p Millions of Years Lead Isochron Achondrite Lead-Lead Isochron Dates

Lead 207/Lead Millions of Years Lead Isochron Achondrite Chondrules CAI Lead-Lead Isochron Dates Lead 204/Lead 206 Chondrule Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusion From Amelin et al 2002 Science 297 p 1678

Lead 204/Lead 206 Lead 207/Lead Millions of Years Aluminum-26 Millions of Years Lead Isochron Achondrite Chondrules CAI Lead-Lead Isochron Dates Chondrule Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusion From Amelin et al 2002 Science 297 p 1678

Next time: Colors, Brightness and the Age of Stars