Flat Roof & Introduction to Gable Roof Created by Michael March 2004 / reviewed march 2008

Flat roof construction P23 & 24 in Carp 11 Flat roofs combine the roof and ceiling frame in one Generally described as one with a pitch less than 10 deg. To allow for extra loads the rafters / ceiling jiosts are increased in sectional size

Ceiling types Ceilings can be either lined on the rake or rafters laid flat and use graded battens to give fall to roof

Variations to ceilings

Skillion roofs Single sloping roofs Walls at either end of roof at different heights Internal walls parralell to end walls will be at different heights Walls at 90 deg. to end walls will taper in height under the sloping rafters / joists

Two ceiling designs

Lean – to – Roof construction This type is constructed against an existing wall or other roof Simple extensions Carports Verandahs Awnings

Rafter / Ceiling variations Common on carports, open exposed rafters

Other types

Simplest method of marking With skillion roofs the simplest thing is to scribe the rafter over the supporting plates

Calculation of skillion rafters (eg) calculate the quantity of 125 x 50 rafters required for the roof 4.2m long and 2.7m wide, rafter spacings 600mm centres, the difference in height of plates is 900mm Length of rafter = √ (run of rafter)² + (rise)² No. of rafters = (length of building) + 1 spacings

Answer – length of rafter √ 2.7² + .900² = √ 7.29 + .81 = √ 8.1 = 2.846 lin/m Order 3.0m lengths 900 2.700 4.200

Number of rafters (4.200) + 1 .600 = 7 + 1 = 8 Order 8 @ 3.0m rafters

Roof Components – Gable roof

Component names Common rafter Ridge Collar tie Strut Purlin Tail piece Ceiling joist or overhang ½ Span Plumb cut Span Eave width or eave overhang

Gable roof definitions Complete answers on your work sheets Roof span: Is the horizontal distance measured overall the wall plates Span

Rise: Is the vertical height measured from the x – y line to where the upper edge of the rafters would intersect Rise

Other Reference Other reference for gable roof definitions and sketch – carp 11, pages 27 to 30