The Periodic Table Part I – Categories of Elements

The Periodic Table H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg What do you notice about the way the element groups are arranged in the Periodic Table?

Periods Each row is called a “period” The elements in each period have the same number of shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells www.chem4kids.com

Groups/Families Group 8 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons Each column is called a “group” 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” www.chem4kids.com

The Periodic Table H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg The Metalloids are represented in the Periodic Table in green.

The Periodic Table H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg The Metals are represented in the Periodic Table in blue.

The Periodic Table H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg The Non-Metals are represented in the Periodic Table in yellow.

Transition Metals Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons. This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry. www.chem4kids.com

Carbon - C 2nd Period = 2 shells 4th Group = 4 valence electrons Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: 2nd Period = 2 shells 4th Group = 4 valence electrons Carbon - C www.chem4kids.com