Business Process Modelling -8.2/2013 - ITN286 - Process Engineering and EWS Lecture - 4 March 1999 Business Process Modelling -8.2/2013 - Marcello La Rosa Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, 12 September 2013 QUT Brisbane, Dr. Michael Rosemann

Mid-semester survey: your words, our actions… INB/INN320 – Business Process Modelling Lecture – 17 August 2009 Mid-semester survey: your words, our actions… Generally, very positive comments. A few notes worth commenting: Too many readings: read the required readings, the others are for your own culture and interest Use of Signavio: not mandatory Tutorial notes online late: usually on Friday, we will strive to put them up on Thursday after the class Assignment specification came up too early, content not yet fully covered: the idea is that you build your report incrementally rather than being confronted with a lot of content altogether. No self-study required. Do not anticipate content! Audio quality poor: AV Support notified. THU 8pm tutorial inconvenient: moved to S502 at 5pm for Weeks 8-12. Week 13 in S503 at 8pm. QUT Brisbane, Dr. Jan Recker

Tutorials attendance rate Raffaele, Eike, Stephan Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 9am    S502 (10) 10am S518 (10) 11am 12am 1pm  S506 (20) S503 (25), S506 (10) 2pm S507 (20) 3pm S410 – LECT 4pm 5pm S502 (35) NEW! 6pm 7pm 8pm S503 (30) S503 (35)

INB/INN320 – Business Process Modelling Lecture – 20 July 2009 Quick Repeat from Week 7 What splits and joins can be represented implicitly in BPMN? What is a sub-process? How can we model repetition in BPMN? What is a multi-instance task? QUT Brisbane, Dr. Michael Rosemann

Uncontrolled Repetition: Ad-hoc sub-process The ad-hoc sub-process contains activities (tasks or sub-processes) to be executed in arbitrary order and time May define order of sub-set of activities by sequence flow Can be used in an early version of a process diagram when the order of execution is still unknown Denoted with a tilde marker on the expanded sub-process notation

Example: ad-hoc sub-process A typical army selection process starts by shortlisting all candidates’ applications. Those shortlisted are then called to sit the following tests: drug and alcohol, eye, color vision, hearing, blood, urine, weight, fingerprinting and doctor examination. The color vision can only be done after the eye test, while the doctor examination can only be done after color vision, hearing, blood, urine and weight have been tested. Moreover, it may be required for some candidates to repeat some of these tests multiple times in order to get a correct assessment, e.g. the blood test may need be repeated if the candidate has taken too much sugar in the previous 24 hours. The candidates that pass all tests are asked to sit a mental exam and a physical exam, followed by an interview. Only those that also pass these two exams and perform well in the interview can be recruited in the army.

Solution: ad-hoc sub-process

ITN286 - Process Engineering and EWS Lecture - 4 March 1999 Value chain modelling Chain of (high-level) processes an organisation performs in order to achieve a business goal, e.g. deliver a product or service to the market. Business process “is predecessor of” QUT Brisbane, Dr. Michael Rosemann

Linking value chains with process models INB/INN320 – Business Process Modelling Lecture – 20 July 2009 Linking value chains with process models Process model for this business process is available QUT Brisbane, Dr. Michael Rosemann

INB/INN320 – Business Process Modelling Lecture – 17 August 2009 BPMN Modelling - Events Handling - QUT Brisbane, Dr. Jan Recker

Event types

Event types (cont.’ed)

Message and Timer events Modelling Exceptions

Example: message event Start event (receive) Intermediate catching event (receive) End event (send)

Comparison with sending/receiving tasks = Is this really the same? = = =

So, when to use what? Use message events only when the corresponding activity would simply send or receive a message and do nothing else

Example: timer event Start event Intermediate catching event Activities must always have input and output Sequence Flow

Find the bugs… Start Message Events cannot signal message sending Each Pool (white box) must have one start and one end event Normal Flow cannot be used to pass on Data Objects Start Timer instead of Intermediate Timer Timer events cannot be used to wait for messages Tasks cannot lead only to Exception Flow

A possible solution…

Example: modelling with events A Purchase Order (PO) handling process starts when a PO is received. The PO is first registered. If the current date is not a working day, the process waits until the following working day before proceeding. Otherwise, an availability check is performed and a “PO response” is sent back to the customer.

Example: modelling with events A Purchase Order (PO) handling process starts when a PO is received. The PO is first registered. If the current date is not a working day, the process waits until the following working day before proceeding. Otherwise, an availability check is performed and a “PO response” is sent back to the customer. Anytime after the PO has been registered, the customer may send a “PO change request”. When such a PO change request is received, any processing related to the PO must be stopped. The PO change request is then registered. Thereafter, the process proceeds as it would do after a normal PO is registered.

Solution: modelling with events

Alternative solution Is it really right?

Quiz: what’s wrong with this model? INB/INN320 – Business Process Modelling Lecture – 20 July 2009 Quiz: what’s wrong with this model? QUT Brisbane, Dr. Michael Rosemann

Event-based decision With the XOR-split gateway, a branch is chosen based on conditions that evaluate over available data  The choice can be made immediately after the token arrives from the incoming flow Sometimes, the choice must be delayed until an event happens  The choice is based on a race among events This is why BPMN distinguishes data-driven and event-driven XOR-splits data-driven XOR-split event-driven XOR split

Example: event-based decision Restaurants submit orders to suppliers to replenish their food stocks every Thursday. The process for completing an order starts when a restaurant receives either a “PO Response” or an error message. However it may also happen that no response is received at all. If no response is received by Friday afternoon or if an error message is received, the purchasing officer should be notified. Otherwise, the PO Response is processed normally.

A possible solution

Quiz: find the bugs not Intermediate Timer Event

Solution: event-based decision

Remember the quiz from slide 23? INB/INN320 – Business Process Modelling Lecture – 20 July 2009 Remember the quiz from slide 23? QUT Brisbane, Dr. Michael Rosemann

Interlude: multiple start events The first such event that occurs, will trigger an instance of the process.

What is this process doing?

Recap: Events

BPMN Poster: get it from blackboard! INB.INN321 – Business Process Management Lecture – 15 April 2010 BPMN Poster: get it from blackboard! QUT Brisbane, Dr Jan Recker

INB.INN321 – Business Process Management Lecture – 15 April 2010 References Required Sections 4.3.2 - 4.4.2 of Chapter 4 of textbook “Fundamentals of BPM” Recommended OMG (2011): BPMN 2.0 Specification BPM Offensive (2011): BPMN 2.0 Poster OGM (2010): BPMN 2.0 By Example Web References OMG BPM Initiative BPMN Community Books on BPMN Silver B. (2011): “BPMN Method & Style” 2nd Edition, Cody-Cassidy QUT Brisbane, Dr Jan Recker

A/Prof. Marcello La Rosa IS School Academic Director (Corporate Programs and Partnerships) BPM Discipline, IS School Science & Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology 126 Margaret Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia p +61 (0)7 3138-9482 e m.larosa@qut.edu.au w www.marcellolarosa.com