Odin Sletten Technical Sales Engineer Navico Denmark Navico BR24 Radar Odin Sletten Technical Sales Engineer Navico Denmark

A Short History of Radar In 1917, Nikola Tesla first established the principles for primitive radar units In 1935, The British invented and patented the first radar for aircraft defence In 1950, Decca introduced the first marine pulse radar utilising a magnetron, which eventually trickled down into recreational boats… © Navico Company Confidential

60 Years of Development © Navico Company Confidential

Weaknesses of Traditional Radar User expertise required Blurs and distorts objects, making it difficult to interpret surroundings and navigate safely Obscures objects closest to the boat, where visibility is most important for collision avoidance Difficulty distinguishing targets from clutter - requires experience to safely operate Inconvenient installation and operation Magnetron takes several inconvenient minutes to warm up Magnetron has a limited life, and is expensive to replace Large cables and connectors Power consumption is impractical for small boats and most sailboats Emissions require mounting away from humans and other electronic equipment. Most small boats have no room at all © Navico Company Confidential

First X-band Radome Radar © Navico Company Confidential

Navico’s BroadBand Radar “Revolutionary improvement in situational awareness” - the best short-range resolution and target discrimination of any X-band marine radar Radar is finally easy enough for a novice – identifies targets clearly with no ‘tune control’, as sea and rain clutter rejection is 5-10 times better than a pulse radar Navigation is truly easy, even at an unprecedented 1/32 NM range, with unparalleled resolution and clarity within two metres of the dome, with no ‘main bang’, ‘zero range adjust’, or close-range sidelobe distortion © Navico Company Confidential

Close Range Performance © Navico Company Confidential

Comparison and Main bang BroadBand Radar, 1/16 NM range 4 kW HD pulse radar, 1/8 NM range © Navico Company Confidential

Comparison and Main bang suppression Broadband Radar, 1/16 NM range 4 kW HD pulse radar, 1/8 NM range © Navico Company Confidential

Close Range Performance © Navico Company Confidential

Close Range Performance Approximate position of boat Moored boat Foot bridge 4 kW HD pulse radar Broadband Radar © Navico Company Confidential

Superb Resolution Pile moorings Moored boat BroadBand Radar 4 kW HD Pulse Radar © Navico Company Confidential

Seaclutter Performance Two boats, towing into the harbour BroadBand Radar ¼ NM No sea clutter rejection applied 4 kW HD pulse radar, 1/2nm Sea clutter rejection 50% © Navico Company Confidential

What makes the difference?

Traditional Radar The radar transmits a powerful, but very short pulse, at a fixed frequency. The pulse propagates outwards in a direction determined by the angle of the rotating radar antenna at the time of transmission. The radar then switches to receive mode to listen for reflections. If the pulse reflects off an object, it will return to the receiver with a delay proportional to the distance of the object from the transmitter. The antenna angle at the time of pulse transmission equals the direction of the object. © Navico Company Confidential

BroadBand Radar FMCW = Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Time 1ms 4ms 9.41GHz 9.4GHz FMCW = Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Transmits a ‘rising tone’ (Tx wave) with linear increasing frequency The wave propagates out from the transmitter retaining the frequency it had when it was transmitted If it reflects off an object, it will return to the receiver, still at the frequency it had when originally transmitted Meanwhile the transmitter continues to output an increasing frequency © Navico Company Confidential

BroadBand Radar Frequency Difference in Transmitted and Received Signals Frequency Time At any instant in time, Tx freq is higher than Rx freq Tx Rx – retains same frequency it had when it was transmitted Time delay The difference in the currently transmitted and currently received frequencies, coupled with the known rate of frequency increase, allows a time of flight to be calculated, from which we can calculate distance. © Navico Company Confidential

Unique Advantages

Solid State – No Magnetron “Start faster, go longer” - 100% solid state RF design – no magnetron! Provides InstantOn™ power up and low power consumption Eliminates 2-3 minutes warm-up time typical of magnetron pulse radars Conserves power; operating power drain is ~30% less than the best 2 kW radar (<1/20 in standby mode) – extremely beneficial for sailboats and smaller power boats No limit on transmit usage lifetime – typically 2-3,000 hours for a magnetron pulse radar © Navico Company Confidential

Two Antenna Arrays RX TX © Navico Company Confidential

Totally Safe “Incredibly approachable” - Totally safe RF transmitted emissions and flexible installation setup allows you to mount the radome anywhere Extremely low power - less than 1/10th of the transmitted emissions of a mobile phone; install in any position, even on the smallest of boats © Navico Company Confidential

Proven Safety © Navico Company Confidential Page 22 Conclusion: Human exposure level to radiation outside the radome is 0.45 W/m2, well below the general public safety emission level of 10 W/m2. Included is the possible case of mechanical failure of the motor or drive belt with the antenna pointing into a fixed direction. 2,8 m (9.3 ft) Standard 4 kW pulse radar 0 m (0 ft) New Navico Broadband radar 1,4 m (4.6 ft) Standard 2 kW pulse radar Safe Distance Radar Type © Navico Company Confidential Page 22

Easy Installation “Incredibly approachable” - Totally safe RF transmit emissions and flexible installation setup allows you to mount the radome anywhere Extremely low power - less than 1/10th of the transmitted emissions of a mobile phone; install in any position, even on the smallest of boats Super small custom 13.5 mm RJ45 connector and round 9 mm pre-connected radar cable allows simple bridge tube installations © Navico Company Confidential

Radar Interface Radar Interface Box Fully watertight Small RJ45 connector © Navico Company Confidential

Connector Radar Dome Connection External watertight connector Same footprint as today’s 2 kW scanner © Navico Company Confidential

Mutltiple Displays “Incredibly approachable” - Totally safe RF transmit emissions and flexible installation setup allows you to mount the radome anywhere Extremely low power - less than 1/10th of the transmitted emissions of a mobile phone; install in any position, even on the smallest of boats Super small custom 13.5 mm RJ45 connector and round 9 mm pre-connected radar cable allows simple bridge tube installations Compatible with a wide range of Navico multifunction displays and heading sensors © Navico Company Confidential

Multiple Displays NSE8 NSE12 HDS-10 HDS-10m HDS-7 HDS-7m HDS-5 HDS-5m HDS-5x HDS-8 HDS-8m GB40 NX45 12” NX40 8” © Navico Company Confidential

The Highlights Super high resolution No blind spot at center (mainbang) Totally safe, 0.1 W TX – install anywhere InstantOn – no warm up time Lower power consumption, no standby power Five times better sea and rain clutter performance Easy to install – very small connector © Navico Company Confidential

Inherent Differences between the technologies The Differences Between Pulse and FMCW Radars Summary from a Technical Briefing by Bill Mullarkey from Navigate-us.com N.B This was purely from theoretical analysis, no practical testing was made Inherent Differences between the technologies Characteristic Broadband (FMCW) Pulse Short range target detection Better Worse Long range target detection Visibility of close in targets Target resolution in azimuth Same Target resolution in range Sea clutter suppression Power requirements Similar Requires standby period No Yes Vulnerability to interference from other radars Difficult to solve Easy to solve Vulnerability to onboard reflectors Potentially a problem Not a problem Potential for future development Only just begun Mature technology © Navico Company Confidential

Long Range Performance Maximum range for any radar under ideal circumstances:   Scanner height Target Object at sea level Small boat (2 m high) Big launch (6 m high) 2 metres 3.1 miles 6.3 miles 8.5 miles 3 metres 3.8 miles 7.0 miles 9.2 miles 4 metres 4.4 miles 7.5 miles 9.8 miles __________________________________________________________________________ So….. there is no possible way a radar on a small/medium boat can see a large launch at more than 10 miles But… It may be possible to see rain or high land features beyond 10 miles. © Navico Company Confidential

Further Enhancement Navico’s R&D teams have developed technologies, which bring interference from other radar and onboard reflectors to a minimum or even totally eliminates them. This also means we are not depending on already patented technologies, which would have influenced the price of the radar. © Navico Company Confidential

Power Requirements Power consumption transmitting is only 17 W 30% less than a 2 kW radar 50% less than a 4 kW radar Power consumption in standby is only 1.6 W The BroadBand radar has no magnetron to heat! © Navico Company Confidential

Not Considered in the Report The very low TX power of the BroadBand radar will often not trigger Racons and SARTs. Racons are ’active radar reflectors’ on some major buoys used mainly by commercial vessels for long distance radar navigation. The BroadBand radar cannot be used as the primary radar for rescue vessels, but serves as an outstanding no. 2 radar for close range search. © Navico Company Confidential

Additional Benefits No 30 m blind spot at centre (mainbang) Easy to operate. No tuning or adjusting required Very low sidelobe effects Totally safe, 0.1 W TX – install anywhere No magnetron that wears out over time Easy to install – 9 mm cable and very small connector Easy to dismantle – external connector at radome © Navico Company Confidential

Questions? Thank you