Regulation of Human Internal Mammary and Radial Artery Contraction by Extracellular and Intracellular Calcium Channels and Cyclic Adenosine 3′, 5′ Monophosphate

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Regulation of Human Internal Mammary and Radial Artery Contraction by Extracellular and Intracellular Calcium Channels and Cyclic Adenosine 3′, 5′ Monophosphate Golam Rabbani, MD, Venkataramana Vijay, MD, Mohan R. Sarabu, MD, Sachin A. Gupte, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 83, Issue 2, Pages 510-515 (February 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.027 Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Contraction of the internal mammary artery (n = 10; A) and radial artery (n = 5; B) elicited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ by potassium chloride (KCl; 30 mM; 30K, squares), phenylephrine (10 μM; Phen, down triangle) and U46619 (100 nM; U4, up triangle; C and D). After stabilization of contractions in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, addition of Ca2+ elicited concentration-dependent contraction of internal mammary artery (C) and radial artery (D). Range lines represent the standard error. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2007 83, 510-515DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.027) Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Effects of a β-adrenergic agonist, an adenylate cyclase activator, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor on contraction of internal mammary artery (IMA; n = 10, circles) and radial artery (RA; n = 5, diamonds). Isoproterenol (A and B), milrinone (C and D), and forskolin (E and F) all dose-dependently relaxed IMA and RA precontracted with phenylephrine or U46619. Note that the lines representing the standard error are small and sometimes overlap the symbols. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2007 83, 510-515DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.027) Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Basal levels of cyclic guanosine 3′, 5′ monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′ monophosphate (cAMP) in unstimulated internal mammary artery (n = 5; A) and radial artery (n = 5; B). Range lines represent the standard error. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2007 83, 510-515DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.027) Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Adenylate cyclase activity, estimated as a function of cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′ monophosphate (cAMP) levels, was increased in internal mammary artery (n = 5; A) and radial artery (n = 5; B) by forskolin (For), isoproterenol (Iso), and milrinone (Mil). Preconstriction of internal mammary artery (C) and radial artery (D) with U46619 significantly reduced activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin, isoproterenol, and milrinone. Range lines represent the standard error. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2007 83, 510-515DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.027) Copyright © 2007 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions