Chapter 6: Structured Vs. Object Oriented Analysis and Design

Overview Why do we need Modelling “blueprints” ? Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) vs. Structured-Oriented Analysis and Design (SAD). Steps to SAD and OOAD. Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD. Unified Modelling Language - UML.

By the end of this chapter, you will.. Understands what Structured Analysis and Design is. Understands what Object Oriented Analysis and Design is. Understands what is Unified Modeling Language “UML” and the UML models. Distinguishes between the analysis oriented and design oriented.

The Need for Software Blueprints Knowing an object-oriented language and having access to a library is necessary but not sufficient in order to create object software. In between a nice idea and a working software, there is much more than programming. Analysis and design provide software “blueprints”, illustrated by a modeling language. Blueprints serve as a tool for thought and as a form of communication with others. These blueprints can then be transferred into code using any specific OO language.

Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) Vs Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) Vs. Structured Analysis and Design (SAD) Object-Oriented Analysis is built around objects. An object encapsulates both data and behavior OO approach is used for both data modeling and process modeling. OO Analysis expresses requirements and specifications as population of interacting objects of a system Traditional Structured Analysis separates data from behavior It expresses requirements and specifications using the traditional data or functional views.

Management of Information Security, 3rd Edition all Exam ideas: -How many processes in a context diagram -Decompose process 3.0 -balanced dfd between different levels (with a split or without) - End of the lecture, see you next one  Management of Information Security, 3rd Edition

OOAD Vs. SAD OOAD SAD Library System Record Loans Add Resource Report Fines OOAD SAD Catalog Librarian Book Library Partition at the level of concepts (objects) Divide at the function level

OOAD Vs. SAD

OOAD Vs. SAD tools Structured Approach Use Case Diagram Context level DFD Level-0 DFD Subsequent levels DFDs ER Diagram if needed DB Schema & Dictionary Architectural Design Structured Tables/Decision Trees/Flowcharts ( for major processes only) (Component Design) Interface design Object-Oriented Approach Use-case Diagram Use-cases’ descriptions (expanded for major use cases only) Conceptual Diagram Sequence Diagrams Class Diagram ER Diagram if needed DB Schema & Dictionary Architectural Design Pseudo code/Algorithms/Flowcharts (Component Design) Interface design

Object Oriented Analysis OOAD essential for creating well-designed, robust & maintainable software system using OO Programming Language (e.g. C++, Java, Smalltalk, etc…). It is the latest and most used way of design now. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a modeling language for OOS. An investigation of the problem (rather than how a solution is defined). During OO analysis, there is an emphasis on finding and describing the objects (or concepts) in the problem domain. Example: Concepts in a Library Information System include; Book and Catalog. - Define a concept (مفهوم): relationship between small elements -  مَجْمُوعُ الصِّفَاتِ والخَصَائِصِ الْمُوَضِّحَةِ لِمَعْنَاهُ ومَدْلُولِهِ

Object Oriented Design Emphasizes a conceptual solution that fulfills the requirements specified in the analysis. Need to define software objects and how they collaborate to fulfill the requirements. Designs are implemented in a Programming Language. Example: in the Library Information System, a Book software object may have a title attribute and a display() method. And implemented using any OO programming language; e.g. Java.

Logical Software Objects From Analysis to Implementation Analysis Investigation of the problem Design Logical Solution Construction Code Representation in an OO Programming Language Public Class Book { Private String Title; Public void Display(); } Logical Software Objects Domain Concept Ex: Book (Concept) Book Attribute: Title Method: Display()

Unified Modeling Language A notational system aimed at modeling systems using object-oriented concepts.

Steps to OOAD 1-Define use cases 2-Conceptual Model 3-Design Class Diagram

More Analysis Oriented Analysis and Design Activities More Analysis Oriented More Design Oriented Design Oriented What the solution is? Provides a logical Solution To show how my system addresses the problem Analysis Oriented What the problem is? Starts with the gathered requirements To investigate the Domain