小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红 History and Anthology of English Literature THE 18TH CENTURY THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT IN ENGLAND 小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红

Outline A brief account of the historical situation Enlightenment Movement Chief literary achievements of that period Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe

A Brief Account of the Historical Situation 1) In The Political Field A bloodless change of hands at the top of the state —— the Glorious Revolution Power shifted easily between two main parties. the Whigs: to safeguard popular liberty the Tories: with tender memories of kingcraft

A Brief Account of the Historical Situation 2) In The Economic Field The government allowed traders the greatest freedom in managing business. Factories and plants mushroomed everywhere. —— the Industrial Revolution in England

A Brief Account of the Historical Situation 3) In The Social Field Thousand public coffeehouses and private clubs appeared. Englishman developed his sociability. People set the fashion in manners or dress.

A Brief Account of the Historical Situation 4) In The Ideological Field religion development Enlightenment Movement in England

an elite cultural movement of intellectuals Enlightenment Movement an elite cultural movement of intellectuals Originating: 1650–1700 Centre: France Originators: philosophers Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Pierre Bayle, mathematician Isaac Newton and Voltaire

Enlightenment Movement was based in salons and culminated in the great Encyclopédie (encyclopedia).

Enlightenment Movement Contributions: It promoted intellectual interchange. It opposed intolerance and abuses in Church and state.

Chief literary achievements of the period Three main divisions : the reign of so-called classicism the revival of romantic poetry the beginnings of the modern novel

Chief literary achievements of the period The genre of Neoclassicism: Joseph Addison (1672-1719) Richard Steele (1672-1729) Alexander Pope (1688-1744) The essays and stories devoted not only to social problems, but also to private life and adventures, gave an impetus to the development of the 18th century novel.

Chief literary achievements of the period The genre of the bourgeois realistic novel: Daniel Defoe (1661-1731) Henry Fielding (1707-1754) Tobias George Smollet (1721-1771) That is a prose fiction telling the story of common people’s experiences with an effort in the structure of the plot and the characterisation of its protagonists.

Chief literary achievements of the period The genre of sentimentalism: Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) Laurence Sterne (1713-1768) It presents a new view of human nature and criticizes the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the social injustices.

Chief literary achievements of the period The genre of pre-romanticism: Horace Walpole (1727-1797) Ann Radcliff (1764-1823) It found its most manifest expression in the “Gothic novel”, and returned to nature and to plain humanity for its material.

Daniel Defoe (1661-1731) 1) His Life a prolific and versatile writer “the discovery of the modern novel” a pioneer of economic journalism “Father of the Free Trade” “Father of Modern Journalism” a jack-of-all-trades a radical Nonconformist in religion a trader

Daniel Defoe (1661-1731) 2) His Literary Achievements

Robinson Crusoe (1719) 1) The Story:

Robinson Crusoe (1719) 2) Some Comments: Crusoe shows many positive sides of the rising middle class. Crusoe demonstrates a strong sense of individualism. Robinson Crusoe marked the beginning of realistic fictions as a literary genre . If you want to know more about it, just get to read the novel of it.

小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红 History and Anthology of English Literature Thx for listening! 小组成员：刘思、庄芝云、杜曼莉、朱醒雯、马嫣红